Abstract:A compact multiband bandpass filter (BPF) based on folded dual crossed open stubs (DCOS) is designed and analyzed. Two Crossed Open Stubs (COS) are used to generate concurrent sixband BPF, where the center frequency located at 0.95 GHz, 1.85 GHz, 2.65 GHz, 3.35 GHz, 4.375 GHz, and 5.25 GHz. The proposed BPF based on folded Dual Crossed Open Stubs (DCOS) is an expansion of tri-band BPF based on a single COS, where the second COS is used to generate second additional tri-band. To achieve miniaturization structur… Show more
“…The main characteristic of the measurement comes from the filter as signal processing block. Thus, we need to analyze the filter design in relation to the possible filter designs, such as a specific band pass filter (Zulkifli, 2014;Wibisono, 2014). Then, it is the target system that is used for comparing the leakage currents from various power loads.…”
Thepurpose of this study was to determine the link between induction voltages from various electrical loads. We used a residual current device (RCD) circuit that operates with a capacitor as a DC voltage reading tool. The circuit reads the value of the leakage current generated by the sensing coil from the RCD. It also uses the Blynk framework as an online monitoring system and a WeMos D1-R2 microcontroller to connect to the server using Wi-Fi. Using this system, the dataset was collected in a Python server and utilized with a machine learning technique to draw a correlation between the load power and reading voltage. This will help improve the mistakes of a common RCD cut-off point, which is usually defined only at a specific induced voltage. For the different types, an LED lamp and typical electric fan were used as loads in the experiment. Meanwhile, for a similar type of load, three different LED lamps were characterized using machine learning to show the correlation. From the comparison, a threshold voltage of around 1V and three different gradients with increases of more than 10% are found for LED lamps with loads of 3W, 5W, and 9W.The results show that the relationship depends on the type of its power supply.
“…The main characteristic of the measurement comes from the filter as signal processing block. Thus, we need to analyze the filter design in relation to the possible filter designs, such as a specific band pass filter (Zulkifli, 2014;Wibisono, 2014). Then, it is the target system that is used for comparing the leakage currents from various power loads.…”
Thepurpose of this study was to determine the link between induction voltages from various electrical loads. We used a residual current device (RCD) circuit that operates with a capacitor as a DC voltage reading tool. The circuit reads the value of the leakage current generated by the sensing coil from the RCD. It also uses the Blynk framework as an online monitoring system and a WeMos D1-R2 microcontroller to connect to the server using Wi-Fi. Using this system, the dataset was collected in a Python server and utilized with a machine learning technique to draw a correlation between the load power and reading voltage. This will help improve the mistakes of a common RCD cut-off point, which is usually defined only at a specific induced voltage. For the different types, an LED lamp and typical electric fan were used as loads in the experiment. Meanwhile, for a similar type of load, three different LED lamps were characterized using machine learning to show the correlation. From the comparison, a threshold voltage of around 1V and three different gradients with increases of more than 10% are found for LED lamps with loads of 3W, 5W, and 9W.The results show that the relationship depends on the type of its power supply.
A multiwideband bandpass filter (MW-BPF) using a quad cross-stub stepped impedance resonator (QC-SSIR) was simulated, fabricated, and measured. The proposed QC-SSIR is designed on a four-series arrangement of crossed open stub (COS) structures where each open stub is developed with a step impedance resonator (SIR) structure to generate a wide bandwidth. Compared to the COS resonator, the QC-SSIR has a wider fractional bandwidth and good transmission coefficients and is compact. ABCD matrix analysis is used to investigate the filter structure. Furthermore, the MW-BPF is designed on an FR4 microstrip substrate with εr = 4.4, thickness h = 1.6 mm, and tan δ = 0.0265. The results show that the proposed MW-BPF using a QC-SSIR achieves transmission coefficients/fractional bandwidths of −0.60 dB/49.3%, −1.49 dB/18.7%, and −1.93 dB/13.9% at 0.81 GHz, 1.71 GHz, and 2.58 GHz, respectively. Furthermore, to reduce the filter size, a folded QC-SSIR (FQC-SSIR) structure was also proposed. The results show that the proposed MW-BPF using an FQC-SSIR achieves transmission coefficients/fractional bandwidths of −0.57 dB/49.6%, −1.21 dB/17.7%, and −1.76 dB/12.5% at 0.82 GHz, 1.80 GHz, and 2.62 GHz, respectively. The size of the proposed MW-BPF using an FQC-SSIR is reduced by up to 46% compared with the MW-BPF using a QC-SSIR. Finally, the performance of the simulated MW-BPF based on the QC-SSIR and FQC-SSIR was in good agreement with the measurement results.
“…The broadband wireless communication system is expected to provide flexible delivery data over multiple platform technologies [2]. Hence, wideband or multi band transceivers become more familiar in the wireless communication fields [3]. The multiband approach decreases the power consumption than the single band scheme, significantly.…”
In this paper, the dual band low noise amplifier is designed in 0.18-μm CMOS technology. By combining the proposed switchable load inductor for gain controlling and the conventional inductive source degeneration topology, narrow band gain and good impedance matching are achieved at 2.3/3.3-GHz frequency bands. The new mathematical analysis of low noise amplifier design is derived to define the component parameters of the proposed circuits. The proposed low noise amplifier exhibits gain of 17.18 dB and 15.5 dB, and noise figure of 2.67 dB and 2.52 dB at the two frequency bands, respectively.
AbstrakPenguat Derau Rendah Pita Ganda 2,3/3,3-GHz dengan Menggunakan Induktor Beban yang dapat Dialihkan di dalam Teknologi CMOS 0,18-m. Pada paper ini, dual band low noise amplifier didesain menggunakan teknologi CMOS 0.18-μm. Dengan mengkombinasikan usulan switchable load inductor sebagai pengendali gain dan topologi konvensional inductive source degeneration, gain dengan lebar yang sempit dan kesesuaian impedansi yang baik dapat dicapai pada frekuensi 2.3/3.3-GHz. Analisa matematika rangkaian yang baru pada desain rangkaian low noise amplifier telah dijabarkan untuk menentukan parameter-paramter komponen rangkaian yang diusulkan. Low noise amplifier yang didesain menghasilkan gain sebesar 17.18 dB dan 15.5 dB, serta noise figure sebesar 2.67 dB dan 2.52 dB pada dua pita frekuensi, secara berurutan.
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