“…According to the previous review of existing resilience assessment methods, most conventional resilience assessment methods are based on subsystem attributes, subjective understanding of resilience, or single events -an evaluation system is formed by selecting indicators and factors that can describe the state of resilience from natural, economic, social, and cultural perspectives (Brown et al, 2018;Yang et al, 2020), or from different management stages, such as prevention, response, recovery, and adaptation (Ouyang et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2021). As discussed in the introduction, many of these approaches do not always support cross-region comparison of resilience or assessment of resilience building practices.…”