Frictional properties play a key role in the performance
of hydrogels
in applications such as soft contact lenses, cell sheets, artificial
articular cartilage, etc. Here we characterize the swollen state and
frictional properties of thin hydrogel films composed of poly(2-methoxyethyl
vinyl ether) on a nanometer scale using neutron reflectivity (NR)
in conjunction with lateral force microscopy, leading to the discussion
about the extent to which surface chains impact the frictional properties
of gels. NR measurement revealed that the density profile for the
hydrogel films in the interfacial region with water along the direction
normal to the interface was well described by a parabolic function,
which was generally used for swollen polymer brushes in a liquid.
Lateral, or frictional, force (F
L) first
increased with increasing normal force (F
N) and then reached a region where the dependence of F
L on F
N was extremely subtle.
That is, there exist two regimes, I and II, for the relationship between F
N and F
L. The thickness
of the interfacial layer composed of dangling chains, which should
behave like brush chains, as determined by NR measurement, was in
good accordance with the depth at which the regime transited from
region I to II. The frictional properties of the thin hydrogel films
could be better understood by considering the two contributions from
the interfacial layer and the internal bulk region.