This work presents a study of a deflection laser sensor using a pump light source with different polarization states, and shows that controlling the polarization state of the pump source can achieve better control in the tuning of an Erbium-doped Fiber Laser. Laser tuning uses a selective wavelength filter manufactured by means of a thin core fiber section between two single-mode fibers (TCFMI), whereas deflection is applied by means of an angular mechanism. In addition, the sensor was analyzed according to the wavelength shift of the laser emission as a function of the angular micrometric deflection, and a sensitivity of -33.01 pm/µrad was obtained in a dynamic range from 0 to 89.3 µrad with an adjustment parameter R2=0.99361. This sensor exhibits potential applications in the bionic and robotic detection fields owing to its high sensitivity, good linearity, simple fabrication, and low cost.