Multi-waveband Solar Irradiance on Tree-shaded Vertical and Horizontal Surfaces: Cloud-free and Partly Cloudy Skies¶

Grant, Richard H.; Heisler, Gordon M.

doi:10.1562/0031-8655(2001)0730024mwsiot2.0.co2

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…This is also reported by others who recommend reducing and protecting open sides . The amount of sky obscuration provided by the different environments can be determined with the use of upward‐facing hemispherical photographs with appropriate image analysis . In addition, for the larger SZA, the shade cast by the small structure moved away from underneath the shade where generally seating may be provided.…”

Section: Factors Influencing Shade Uv Protectionmentioning

confidence: 59%

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Shade Provision for UV Minimization: A Review

Parisi

Turnbull

2014

Photochem & Photobiology

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Minimizing exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is an essential component of skin cancer prevention. Providing and using natural and built shade is an effective protection measure against harmful UV. This article describes the factors that must be addressed to ensure quality, effective, welldesigned shade and recommends best practice approaches to improving the protection factor (PF) of shade structures. It identifies examples of interventions to increase shade availability and use, and examples of effective shade based on measured protection factors or measured reductions in UV exposures. Finally, this article considers examples of best practice for undertaking shade audits. The article is based on refereed articles and reviews, reports, conference papers and shade practice and policies from reports and on web sites. Articles for the Australian setting are considered first, followed by those in an international setting.

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Section: Factors Influencing Shade Uv Protectionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…An extensive amount of research has been conducted quantifying UV levels beneath different shade environments ( e.g . ). The fact that shade is an essential component of UV minimization means that these environments must be better designed and constructed based on research that shows how UV radiation interacts with these environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Shade Provision for UV Minimization: A Review

Parisi

Turnbull

2014

Photochem & Photobiology

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“…Shade is considered as one of the main protection strategies against the sun radiation. But it has been appreciated that people under tree, 28–31 hair, 32 cloud, 28,31 shade structure, 33,34 or beach umbrella 33,35,36 shade are exposed to considerable amount of scattered UV radiation 33 . Herein, evaluation of SED reduction by ‘town’ shade, buildings or trees, varied from 51% to 97%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of tourists’ UV exposure in Paris

Mahé

Correa

Godin‐Beekmann

et al. 2012

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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Background Ultraviolet (UV) exposure is one of the most important risk factor for skin cancers. If UV hazard has been evaluated in tropical countries or in some population – children, outdoor activities – little information is available about UV hazard in high latitude towns like Paris, considered as the most ‘charismatic city’ in the world. Objective To evaluate UV exposure in Paris in spring, in sun and shade, in real life conditions. Methods We evaluated erythemal UV exposure, during four sunny days in May‐June in eight Paris touristic sites during peak hours (2 days), and during two walks in touristic downtown of Paris. Measures were performed in sun and shade. UV radiation exposure was evaluated with UV index performed with a ‘Solarmeter ultraviolet index (UVI)’ and UV dose with ‘standard erythema dose’ (SED) and ‘minimal erythema dose’ (MED) calculations. Results Despite ‘average’ UVI in sunny conditions, a 4‐h sun exposure reaches 13–20 SED and 3–10 MED according to phototype. Clouds were inefficient to protect against UV. Shade of places reduces moderately UVI (50–60%) in forecourts. Exposure during 1‐h walk reach at least one MED in real life conditions for skin phototypes I–IV. Conclusions UV risk for tourist is quite high in spring in Paris. UVI remains high despite high cloud fraction. Shade reduces UVI, but UV protection factor is only 2–3 in large places such as Place Notre Dame and Place Charles de Gaulle. So sun protection campaigns should be proposed, and sun protective strategies could be integrated in urban planning.

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“…It could also be attributed to the fact that most of the measurement days had little in the way of cloud cover. Previous studies showed measured PFs for a large tree decreased from 32 to 10 depending upon the amount of cloud and therefore scattered UVB present (18) and that cloudy conditions tended to increase the UVB in the shade compared with under cloud‐free conditions (5), thus reducing protection. Table 2 shows the measurements of ambient solar UVR in SEDs made locally on the open lawn of the arboretum for the 2 h period near solar noon.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the UVR Protection Provided by Different Tree Species

Gies¹,

Elix

Lawry

et al. 2007

Photochem & Photobiology

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In recent years, SunSmart campaigns have emphasized the importance of the use of shade as a strategy in the reduction of human exposure to solar UV radiation (UVR), particularly in early life with the provision of shade in schools. Trees can play an important role in shade provision, either as the main shade provider or to augment shade structures and increase UVR protection provided to the general population. A study to measure the protection provided by a range of trees common in Australian urban environments was undertaken during the summers of 2004/2005 and 2005/2006. Solar UVR beneath the trees was measured using UVR sensitive polysulphone badges positioned horizontally within the shaded area and were compared with those in full sunshine to give an indication of the protection provided. Measurements made on sunny days during the months of October to April indicated that the shade cover provided by the trees depended upon the tree species and changed with season as a result of changing foliage and sun angles. Measured protection factors ranged from 5 to 10 and were generally a maximum in the height of summer when the sun was highest in the sky and the foliage was densest.

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Multi-waveband Solar Irradiance on Tree-shaded Vertical and Horizontal Surfaces: Cloud-free and Partly Cloudy Skies¶

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

Shade Provision for UV Minimization: A Review

Shade Provision for UV Minimization: A Review

Evaluation of tourists’ UV exposure in Paris

Assessment of the UVR Protection Provided by Different Tree Species

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