Multi-temporal modeling of road-induced overland flow alterations in a terraced landscape characterized by shallow landslides

Mauri, Luca; Straffelini, Eugenio; Tarolli, Paolo

doi:10.1016/j.iswcr.2021.07.004

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, the introduction of machinery has implied the need for access roads, which typically represent the steepest and most hydrologically connected parts of the vineyard (Mauri et al, 2021a; Pijl et al, 2019a). Hillslope roads are a widely recognised SWC challenge related to anthropogenic and, particularly, cultivated hillslopes (Preti et al, 2018b; Tarolli et al, 2015), producing high rates of erosion (Pijl et al, 2019a; Sidle & Ziegler, 2012) and potentially contributing to landslide initiation (Galve et al, 2016; Mauri et al, 2021b; Zingaro et al, 2019). Indeed, roads are a recurring factor underlying erosive processes in each of the five practices compared in this study (with evident examples found in SC3, CC2, CT2, BT4 and OT5, showing relatively high values of sediment flux, erosion and runoff).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil and water conservation in terraced and non‐terraced cultivations: an extensive comparison of 50 vineyards

et al. 2022

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Understanding the soil and water conservation (SWC) impact of steep-slope agricultural practices (e.g. terraces) has arguably never been more relevant than today, in the face of widespread intensifying rainfall conditions. In Italy, a diverse mosaic of terraced and non-terraced cultivation systems have historically developed from local traditions and more recently from the introduction of machinery. Previous studies suggested that each type of vineyard configuration is characterised by a specific set of soil degradation patterns. However, an extensive analysis of SWC impacts by different vineyard configurations is missing, while this is crucial for providing robust guidelines for future-proof viticulture. Here, we provide a unique extensive comparison of SWC in 50 vineyards, consisting of 10 sites of 5 distinct practices: slope-wise cultivation (SC), contour cultivation (CC), contour terracing (CT), broad-base terracing (BT) and oblique terracing (OT). A big-data analysis approach of physical erosion modelling based on high-resolution LiDAR data is performed, while four predefined SWC indicators are systematically analysed and statistically quantified. Regular contour terracing (CT) ranked best across all indicators, reflecting a good combination of flow interception and homogeneous distribution of runoff and sediment under intense rainfall conditions. The least SWC-effective practices (SC, CC, and OT) were related to vineyards optimised for trafficability by access roads or uninterrupted inter-row paths, which created high upstream-downstream connectivity and are thus prone to flow accumulation. The novel large-scale approach of this study offers a robust comparison of SWC impacts under intense rainstorms, which is becoming increasingly relevant for the sustainable future management of such landscapes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil and water conservation in terraced and non‐terraced cultivations: an extensive comparison of 50 vineyards

et al. 2022

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“…Active studies are documenting the impact of roads on sediment mobilization caused by landslides in a variety of lithological terranes in PR, including volcaniclastic, intrusive, and metamorphic rocks. Reducing the incidence of landslides will require a physically-based understanding of how roads alter surface and subsurface flow paths similar to the approach suggested by Montgomery (1994) and that used by Mauri et al, (2022).…”

Section: Road Effects On Landslidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three Decades of Road and Trail Runoff andErosion Work in the Northeastern Caribbean –a Research Program Perspective

Scharron¹,

Alicea²,

Sanchez³

et al. 2023

Journal of the ASABE

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Highlights The infiltration capacities of unsurfaced roadways are frequently exceeded by rain intensity, promoting overland flow. Erosion rates from unsurfaced roadways and cut slopes are 101 to 104 times greater than on undisturbed hillslopes. Roads in steep, subtropical wet terranes may increase landslide erosion by a factor of 5 relative to areas without roads. The hydro-geomorphic impact of roads is so prominent that they must be explicitly considered in watershed assessments. ABSTRACT. Erosion is a key environmental concern in the northeastern Caribbean because it can diminish soil productivity, damage infrastructure, and threaten human life. Additionally, sediment released by erosion can be delivered to streams where it can degrade water quality and aquatic habitat, reduce reservoir storage capacity, and threaten critical marine resources such as sea grass beds and coral reefs. Road erosion has been a concern in the region since the 1990s, and a considerable body of research has been conducted over the last ~30 years. This article reviews the key findings and identifies additional research needs. In some tropical dry coastal watersheds of the US Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico, unpaved roads and foot or off-road vehicle trails are the primary sediment sources. Watershed scale sediment production rates in these tropical dry settings are 0.3 to 3.7 Mg ha-1 yr-1, depending on unpaved road density, and these are 3 to 40 times greater than under undisturbed conditions. In wetter settings, like the forested and actively cultivated landscapes of highland Puerto Rico, sediment contributions include those from unpaved farm roads but also those from croplands, streambanks, and landslides. Watershed scale sediment production rates in actively cultivated tropical wet settings are 15 to 60 Mg ha-1 yr-1, with road-induced surface erosion and landslides accounting for 50% to 95% of total sediment production. Designing management alternatives will require additional research to improve our understanding of road-to-stream and road-to-coast connectivity, develop effectiveness metrics of applied management practices, and establish the specific causes of road-induced landslides. Keywords: Connectivity, Coral reefs, Landslides, Puerto Rico, Sedimentation, Surface erosion, Virgin Islands.

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“…However, we cannot exclude that small-scale topographic changes due to construction or land use changes (e.g. abandonment and degradation of agricultural fields and terrace systems) may exacerbate road-side slope failures (Jacquet et al, 2015;Mauri et al, 2022).…”

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More than one landslide per road kilometer – surveying and modeling mass movements along the Rishikesh-Joshimath (NH-7) highway, Uttarakhand, India

Mey,

Kumar Guntu,

Plakias

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Abstract. The rapidly expanding Himalayan road network connects rural mountainous regions. However, the fragility of the landscape and poor road construction practices lead to frequent mass movements along-side roads. In this study, we investigate fully or partially road-blocking landslides along the National Highway (NH-7) in Uttarakhand, India, between Rishikesh and Joshimath. Based on an inventory of >300 landslides along the ~250 km long corridor following exceptionally high rainfall during September and October, 2022, we identify the main controls on the spatial occurrence of mass-movement events. Our analysis and modeling approach conceptualizes landslides as a network-attached spatial point pattern. We evaluate different gridded rainfall products and infer the controls on landslide occurrence using Bayesian analysis of an inhomogeneous Poisson process model. Our results reveal that slope, rainfall amounts, lithology and road widening are the main controls on landslide occurrence. The individual effects of aggregated lithozones are consistent with previous assessments of landslide susceptibilities of rock types in the Himalayas. Our model spatially predicts landslide occurrences and can be adapted for other rainfall scenarios, and thus has potential applications for efficiently allocating efforts for road maintenance. To this end, our results highlight the vulnerability of the Himalayan road network to landslides. Climate change and increasing exposure along this pilgrimage route will likely exacerbate landslide risk along the NH-7 in the future.

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Multi-temporal modeling of road-induced overland flow alterations in a terraced landscape characterized by shallow landslides

Cited by 16 publications

References 48 publications

Soil and water conservation in terraced and non‐terraced cultivations: an extensive comparison of 50 vineyards

Soil and water conservation in terraced and non‐terraced cultivations: an extensive comparison of 50 vineyards

Three Decades of Road and Trail Runoff andErosion Work in the Northeastern Caribbean –a Research Program Perspective

More than one landslide per road kilometer – surveying and modeling mass movements along the Rishikesh-Joshimath (NH-7) highway, Uttarakhand, India

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