Multi-technology building system retrofits for utility incentive programs: Savings, costs and baseline considerations

Regnier, Cindy; Mathew, Paul; Shackelford, Jordan; Lee, Sang Hoon; Robinson, Alastair; Walter, Travis

doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.112270

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…It may be because replacing old lighting fixtures with LED luminaires could recover large amounts of energy and CO 2 emissions. This finding justifies the statement by Regnier et al (2022) that LED lighting is the predominant lighting source in the current period. Further, the respondents indicated that integrating passive infrared (PIR) sensors, radio frequency identification (RFID) sensors and ultrasonic sensors with LED luminaires is the best way to enhance smartness in the building.…”

Section: Factors Considered For Srs Selectionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Adopting smart retrofits: a decision-making model and benchmarking criteria

Jayarathne,

De Silva,

Samarakoon

2024

BEPAM

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PurposeEnergy consumption in existing office buildings has been growing in parallel with the rise in occupant energy demand. As a result, many building owners have given smart retrofits (SRs) a higher priority. However, the utilisation of suitable SRs from a range of SRs has become a challenging task. The purpose of this paper is to develop a decision-making model to select the most suitable SRs for conventional office buildings and form a set of benchmarks for assessing the performance of SRs.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative approach with six case studies was used. Content analysis was carried out using NVivo to explore the factors considered for the selection of SR techniques. A decision-making model for selecting SRs in Sri Lankan office buildings was proposed. SR performance benchmarks were developed by referring to established standards and studies done in tropical office buildings.FindingsOut of 18 identified SRs from literature, fan cycling, ventilation control and LED luminaires have been recognised as commonly used SRs in Sri Lankan office buildings. Analysis showed that HVAC retrofits saved more energy, while lighting retrofits could be easily implemented in existing buildings. The proposed decision-making model can explore further improvements to enhance the performance of SRs.Originality/valueThe selection of SRs is a comprehensive decision-making process. Metrics were established to benchmark the performance of SRs. The proposed model offers a tool for building owners and facility managers to optimise facility operations.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Factors Considered For Srs Selectionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Adopting smart retrofits: a decision-making model and benchmarking criteria

Jayarathne,

De Silva,

Samarakoon

2024

BEPAM

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“…Note the authors package ECMs provided by CBES, as packages allow owners to take advantage of synergistic behaviors (i.e., reducing lighting in the facility results in a lower heat load, which in turn, allows for the air conditioning to run less frequently). Generally, packages of ECMs are more effective than installing various single-system ECMs over time [54][55][56].…”

Section: The Cbes Toolkitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empowering Owner-Operators of Small and Medium Commercial Buildings to Identify Energy Retrofit Opportunities

Rios,

Al Sultan,

Chong

et al. 2023

Energies

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Small and medium commercial buildings account for nearly half of the energy consumed by commercial buildings in the United States. While energy retrofits can significantly reduce building energy consumption, buildings’ owners often lack the capital and experience to perform detailed energy audits and retrofit assessments. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a low-investment, bottom-up and simplified methodology for identifying energy retrofit opportunities that benefit the owners of small and medium sized office buildings In particular, the paper addresses small and medium commercial buildings on a university campus as a proof-of-concept for other owner-operators that have small and medium commercial facilities in their portfolio. The methodology consists of an eight-step framework using publicly-available and simplified tools. While energy audits and retrofit opportunity assessments are not new, a low-cost methodology for owner-operators of small and medium commercial buildings to analyze energy consumption and identify retrofit opportunities represents a contribution to knowledge. A medium office building on a university campus in Arizona served as a case study to validate the methodology. The case study showed a maximum potential energy reduction of an estimated 50%, but the figure varies based on the types of retrofit (deep versus light), energy conservation measures selected and implemented, invested resources, and interactive effects between measures. This methodology is extensible to other owner-operators that have building utility data and would like to perform retrofit opportunity assessments themselves.

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“…However, the profitability of implementing passive retrofit measures is related to several factors, including the additional costs associated with CO 2 emissions and the existing heating system. Regnier et al [17] combined the individual measures of retrofit and demand response into the package to form 16 packages. The packages were implemented in the prototype buildings of large offices, and it was found that the packages incorporating upgraded lighting and HVAC measures can result in significant building annual energy savings ranging from 5% to 22%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Peak Demand Reduction and Energy Saving in a Mixed-Use Community through Urban Building Energy Modeling

Zhao,

Deng,

et al. 2024

Energies

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Energy saving in buildings is essential as buildings’ operational energy use constitutes 30% of global energy consumption. Urban building energy modeling (UBEM) effectively understands urban energy consumption. This paper applied UBEM to assess the potential of peak demand reduction and energy saving in a mixed-use community, using 955 residential buildings, 35 office buildings and 7 hotels in Shenzhen, China, as a case study. The building type and period were collected based on the GIS dataset. Then, the baseline models were generated by the UBEM tool—AutoBPS. Five scenarios were analyzed: retrofit-window, retrofit-air conditioner (AC), retrofit-lighting, rooftop photovoltaic (PV), and demand response. The five scenarios replaced the windows, enhanced the AC, upgraded the lighting, covered 60% of the roof area with PV, and had a temperature reset from 17:00 to 23:00, respectively. The results show that using retrofit-windows is the most effective scenario for reducing peak demand at 19.09%, and PV reduces energy use intensity (EUI) best at 29.96%. Demand response is recommended when further investment is not desired. Retrofit-lighting is suggested for its low-cost, low-risk investment, with the payback period (PBP) not exceeding 4.54 years. When the investment is abundant, retrofit-windows are recommended for public buildings, while PV is recommended for residential buildings. The research might provide practical insights into energy policy formulation.

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Multi-technology building system retrofits for utility incentive programs: Savings, costs and baseline considerations

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Adopting smart retrofits: a decision-making model and benchmarking criteria

Adopting smart retrofits: a decision-making model and benchmarking criteria

Empowering Owner-Operators of Small and Medium Commercial Buildings to Identify Energy Retrofit Opportunities

Analysis of Peak Demand Reduction and Energy Saving in a Mixed-Use Community through Urban Building Energy Modeling

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