Multi-Surface Antigen Staining of Larger Extracellular Vesicles

Lukacs‐Kornek, Veronika; Julich-Haertel, Henrike; Urban, Sabine; Kornek, Miroslaw

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-7253-1_16

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The differential behaviour of ApoD and BSG upon OS is worth further analysis, since it brings interesting scenarios of stimulus-triggered protein sorting mechanisms. Upon acute stress, BSG and ApoD might follow different routes to either get internalized (ApoD) [ 12 ] or exported into plasma membrane-derived extracellular vesicles (BSG) [ 39 , 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neuroprotective Lipocalin Apolipoprotein D Stably Interacts with Specific Subtypes of Detergent-Resistant Membrane Domains in a Basigin-Independent Manner

Sánchez

Ganfornina

2022

Mol Neurobiol

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Accumulated evidence points to the lipocalin apolipoprotein D (ApoD), one of the few genes consistently upregulated upon brain ageing and neurodegeneration, as an endogenous controller of the redox state of cellular and extracellular lipid structures. This biochemical function has downstream consequences as apparently varied as control of glycocalyx and myelin compaction, cell viability upon oxidative stress or modulation of signalling pathways. In spite of this knowledge, it is still unclear if ApoD function requires canonical receptor-mediated transductions systems. This work aims to examine ApoD-cell membrane interaction and its dependence on a proposed ApoD receptor, Basigin. Whole and fractionated membrane preparations from the brain, primary astrocytes, glial and neuronal cell lines, reveal ApoD as a very specific component of particular subtypes of detergent-resistant microdomains (DRMs). ApoD interacts in vitro with neuronal membranes and is stably associated with astrocytic membranes. ApoD associates with DRMs with specific buoyancy properties that co-fractionate with plasma or late-endosome-lysosome markers. A mass spectrometry analysis reveals that these Triton X-114 DRMs contain both plasma membrane and endosomal-lysosomal compartment lipid raft proteins. ApoD-DRM association is maintained under metabolic and acute oxidative stress conditions. However, ApoD-membrane interaction, its internalization and its lipid-antioxidant function do not require the presence of Basigin. This work supports a stable association of ApoD with membranes, independent of Basigin, and provides the basis to fully understand ApoD antioxidant neuroprotective mechanism as a mechanism taking place in specific membrane subdomains.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neuroprotective Lipocalin Apolipoprotein D Stably Interacts with Specific Subtypes of Detergent-Resistant Membrane Domains in a Basigin-Independent Manner

Sánchez

Ganfornina

2022

Mol Neurobiol

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“…Since the size threshold of standard flow cytometers is~300 nm (see [75] for a current instrument comparison), this allows the quick measurement and quantification of MV protein expression in contrast to Exo, which have to be coupled prior to analysis to larger latex beads following a time-consuming protocol. Protocols exist for staining of single or multiple markers on plasma-derived MV for flow cytometry [76,77]. Even though flow cytometry might not allow the detection of very small MV <300 nm and thus not reproduce the whole spectrum of MV in blood, several studies have successfully demonstrated the potential of flow cytometry for measuring MV-associated cancer biomarkers, as discussed in detail below.…”

Section: Analysis Of MV In Peripheral Bloodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microvesicles in Cancer: Small Size, Large Potential

Menck

Sivaloganathan

Bleckmann

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Extracellular vesicles (EV) are secreted by all cell types in a tumor and its microenvironment (TME), playing an essential role in intercellular communication and the establishment of a TME favorable for tumor invasion and metastasis. They encompass a variety of vesicle populations, among them the well-known endosomal-derived small exosomes (Exo), but also larger vesicles (diameter > 100 nm) that are shed directly from the plasma membrane, the so-called microvesicles (MV). Increasing evidence suggests that MV, although biologically different, share the tumor-promoting features of Exo in the TME. Due to their larger size, they can be readily harvested from patients’ blood and characterized by routine methods such as conventional flow cytometry, exploiting the plethora of molecules expressed on their surface. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the biology and the composition of MV, as well as their role within the TME. We highlight not only the challenges and potential of MV as novel biomarkers for cancer, but also discuss their possible use for therapeutic intervention.

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“… 21 Fluorescent-activated cell sorting can be used to detect MVs via conjugation with specific fluorescent antibodies. 49 , 50 In addition, electron microscopy provides direct evidence for the presence of MV structures and is more popular in the detection of MVs. 48 …”

Section: The Biogenesis and Characterization Of Mvsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of Microvesicles in Tumor Progression and Clinical Applications

Zhu¹,

Li²,

Yi³

et al. 2021

IJN

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Microvesicles are extracellular vesicles with diameter ranging from 100 to 1000 nm that are secreted by tumor cells or other cells in the tumor microenvironment. A growing number of studies demonstrate that tumor-derived microvesicles are involved in tumor initiation and progression, as well as drug resistance. In addition, tumor-derived microvesicles carry a variety of immunogenic molecules and inhibit tumor response to immunotherapy; therefore, they can be exploited for use in tumor vaccines. Moreover, because of their high stability, tumor-derived microvesicles extracted from body fluids can be used as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis or assessment of prognosis. Tumor-derived microvesicles can also be deployed to reverse drug resistance of tumor regenerative cells, or to deliver chemotherapeutic drugs and oncolytic adenovirus for the treatment of cancer patients. This review summarizes the general characteristics of tumor-derived microvesicles, focusing on their biological characteristics, their involvement in tumor progression, and their clinical applications.

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Multi-Surface Antigen Staining of Larger Extracellular Vesicles

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

The Neuroprotective Lipocalin Apolipoprotein D Stably Interacts with Specific Subtypes of Detergent-Resistant Membrane Domains in a Basigin-Independent Manner

The Neuroprotective Lipocalin Apolipoprotein D Stably Interacts with Specific Subtypes of Detergent-Resistant Membrane Domains in a Basigin-Independent Manner

Microvesicles in Cancer: Small Size, Large Potential

Roles of Microvesicles in Tumor Progression and Clinical Applications

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