“…Besides, short‐chain fatty acids and vitamins derived from probiotic strains can provide energy for intestinal epithelial cells which are useful in nutrients absorption as well as protection against pathogens (Adorian et al, 2019; Soltani et al, 2019). According to previous studies, the supplementation of aquafeed with multi‐strain probiotics is more beneficial than a single‐strain probiotic due to their synergistic effects (Grandiosa et al, 2018; Wang et al, 2019). In this regard, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactococcus lactis are two well‐known lactic acid probiotics that have been recently isolated from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus (Soltani et al, 2013).…”
The effectiveness of single versus combined dietary supplementation of multi‐strain probiotics and exogenous multi‐enzyme (Ronozyme®) on growth indices, feed utilization and gastrointestinal functions of Siberian sturgeon was investigated for 10 weeks. A feeding trial was performed in triplicate with the juveniles (N = 240; 138.1 g), which were fed on C: basal diet (control), E: 62.5 mg/kg Ronozyme® (25 mg/kg xylanase, 30 mg/kg protease and 7.5 mg/kg phytase), P: 2 g/kg probiotics mixture (Pediococcus pentosaceus 1 × 109 and Lactococcus lactis 1 × 108 CFU/g) and P + E diets. Upon the completion of the feeding trial, the group fed with dietary P + E showed the highest final body weight and metabolic weight gain; however, the lowest feed conversion ratio was calculated in E and P + E groups (p < 0.05). Protein and lipid efficiency ratios were significantly decreased in the control group (p < 0.05). The highest and lowest crude protein and lipid contents were recorded in P + E treatment, respectively (p < 0.05). The height, width and area of intestinal villi in the fish fed with treated diets were higher than the control group (p < 0.05). The activities of lipase and protease were increased in P and P + E groups (p < 0.05). The load of lactic acid bacteria was upregulated in the fish gut fed with P and P + E diets (p < 0.05). Overall, the combination of the probiotics mixture and multi‐enzyme significantly improved the metabolism and digestibility of Siberian sturgeon.
“…Besides, short‐chain fatty acids and vitamins derived from probiotic strains can provide energy for intestinal epithelial cells which are useful in nutrients absorption as well as protection against pathogens (Adorian et al, 2019; Soltani et al, 2019). According to previous studies, the supplementation of aquafeed with multi‐strain probiotics is more beneficial than a single‐strain probiotic due to their synergistic effects (Grandiosa et al, 2018; Wang et al, 2019). In this regard, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactococcus lactis are two well‐known lactic acid probiotics that have been recently isolated from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus (Soltani et al, 2013).…”
The effectiveness of single versus combined dietary supplementation of multi‐strain probiotics and exogenous multi‐enzyme (Ronozyme®) on growth indices, feed utilization and gastrointestinal functions of Siberian sturgeon was investigated for 10 weeks. A feeding trial was performed in triplicate with the juveniles (N = 240; 138.1 g), which were fed on C: basal diet (control), E: 62.5 mg/kg Ronozyme® (25 mg/kg xylanase, 30 mg/kg protease and 7.5 mg/kg phytase), P: 2 g/kg probiotics mixture (Pediococcus pentosaceus 1 × 109 and Lactococcus lactis 1 × 108 CFU/g) and P + E diets. Upon the completion of the feeding trial, the group fed with dietary P + E showed the highest final body weight and metabolic weight gain; however, the lowest feed conversion ratio was calculated in E and P + E groups (p < 0.05). Protein and lipid efficiency ratios were significantly decreased in the control group (p < 0.05). The highest and lowest crude protein and lipid contents were recorded in P + E treatment, respectively (p < 0.05). The height, width and area of intestinal villi in the fish fed with treated diets were higher than the control group (p < 0.05). The activities of lipase and protease were increased in P and P + E groups (p < 0.05). The load of lactic acid bacteria was upregulated in the fish gut fed with P and P + E diets (p < 0.05). Overall, the combination of the probiotics mixture and multi‐enzyme significantly improved the metabolism and digestibility of Siberian sturgeon.
“…Understanding how the environment influences the metabolism and growth of abalone in fished populations is central to effective fisheries management (Naylor et al, 2006 ). Metabolic studies have previously been performed on juvenile or adult H. midae (Venter et al, 2019 ), H. iris (Grandiosa et al, 2018 ), H. fulgens (Tripp-Valdez et al, 2019 ) and H. discus hannai (Xu et al, 2020 ), yet metabolomics characterisation of a population to guide stock and fisheries management or translocation practises remains an untouched subject. Fig.…”
Introduction
The Chatham Islands has some of the most prized black-footed abalone (Haliotis iris) beds in New Zealand. This well-managed fishery includes restrictions on catch and size limits, selective fishing methods, and shellfish management. However, recent declines in biomass and growth parameters have prompted omics research to characterise the biological responses of abalone, potentially contributing towards animal management strategies.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to characterise the metabolite profiles of slow and fast growing, juvenile and adult abalone, relating to metabolites supporting energy metabolism.
Methods
A gas chromatography–mass spectrometry metabolite profiling, applying methyl chloroformate alkylation, was performed on juvenile and adult abalone samples collected from Point Durham and Wharekauri sites, Chatham Islands, New Zealand.
Results
The results obtained from haemolymph and muscle samples indicated that abalone from the fast-growing area, Wharekauri, fuelled metabolic functions via carbohydrate sources, providing energy for fatty acid and amino acid synthesis. Conversely, higher amino acid levels were largely utilised to promote growth in this population. The metabolism of juvenile abalone favoured anabolism, where metabolites were diverted from glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and used for the production of nucleotides, amino acids and fatty acids.
Conclusions
This research provides unique physiological insights towards abalone populations supporting the use of metabolomics as a tool to investigate metabolic processes related to growth. This work sets the stage for future work aimed at developing biomarkers for growth and health monitoring to support a growing and more sustainably abalone fishery.
Graphical abstract
“…These bioactives have been shown to have positive effects on abalone health and growth. For instance, Grandiosa et al (2018) showed that H . iris fed on a diet supplemented with multi‐strain probiotics improved growth by 32% and weight gain by 110% compared to 32 and 73%, respectively, in animals fed non‐supplemented feeds.…”
Section: Types Of Feeds and Their Effects On Nutrition And Growthmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The development of optimal abalone diets has taken two main approaches: natural (macroalgae) and formulated feeds. To date, previous studies have evaluated how these types of diets affect abalone growth (Bansemer et al, 2015; Mulvaney, Winberg, & Adams, 2013) health (Grandiosa et al, 2018; Tanaka et al, 2003) and nutritional quality (Bewick et al, 1997; Preece, 2006) among others. However, the effectiveness of these approaches has been hampered by the few studies considering a holistic analysis or integrated approach to evaluate the benefits and disadvantages of each type of diet.…”
Overpopulation and the pressure on land-based resources have driven the aquaculture sector to increase its production since the 1980s. To address such demands, new aquafeed technologies have been developed relying on natural and artificial ingredients that are commercially viable. In addition, current global sustainable initiatives require feed technologies to reduce the pressure on limited wild fisheries
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