“…The first version, used in ACO-RVNS (Bouamama et al, 2019) and in MCDS/TS (Morgan & Grout, 2007), works as follows: during each iteration, the algorithm starts from an empty candidate solution D, and iteratively adds a vertex from N (D) to D until D becomes a feasible solution. The second version, used in GRASP (Li et al, 2017) and MSLS (Li et al, 2019), works as follows: the algorithm allows removing articulation vertices of D, so D may become disconnected. Thus, before vertex u is selected to be added, DFS is used to calculate the number of con-nected subgraphs of D that v ∈ N (u) belongs to, and the vertex with the largest number is preferred.…”