Multi-stakeholder policy modeling for collection and recycling of spent portable battery waste

Abstract

Policies have been structured for collection and recycling of spent portable battery waste within a framework of stakeholders (recycling council body, producer, recycler and consumer) especially for those battery units that are discarded worldwide because of their expensive cost of recycling. Applicability of stakeholders' policies in their coalition framework have been reviewed and critically analyzed using the Shapley value of cooperative game theory models. Coalition models for 'manufacturer and recycler' indicated the dominating role of manufacturers over the recyclers, and waste management is highly influenced by producer responsibility. But, the take-back policy enables recyclers' dominance role in the management and yields maximum benefit to both recyclers and consumers. The polluter pays principle has been implemented in formulating policies to key stakeholders, 'manufacturers' as well as 'consumers', of battery products by the introduction of penalties to encourage their willingness to join the Environment, Health and Safety program. Results indicated that the policies of the framework have the potential to be implemented within a marginal rise in battery price by 12% to 14.3% in the range of recycling cost per tonne of US$2000 to US$5000. The policy of the stakeholders' framework presented in the study could be an important aid to achieve high collection and recycling rates of spent portable batteries.

Driving Mechanism of Power Battery Recycling Systems in Companies

“…The results showed that manufacturers play a leading role in recycling and that waste management is considerably influenced by producer responsibility. Therefore, in recycling, we deal mainly with manufacturers [17]. Thus, the problem of new-energy vehicle recycling should be resolved from the battery design source and manufacturing.…”

Recovery of industrial valuable metals from household battery waste

“…Although mercury (Hg) was used as an additive in alkaline and Zn-C batteries in the past, batteries produced and consumed in EU member states are now Hg free following Directive 2006/66/EU (Briffaerts et al, 2009). Safe disposal and recycling of alkaline batteries are important subjects because of the potential effects of used batteries on human health, wildlife and the environment (Gupta et al, 2018).…”

Recovery of ZnO nanoparticles from spent Zn-C batteries and their application in the degradation of methyl orange dye

“…In case of landfilling, toxic metal constituents of batteries are leached by rain water resulting in infiltration. This increases metal toxicity in surface and groundwater streams which cause a serious threat to aquatic life and humans [6] . On incineration of spent batteries, toxic metals such as Cd, Hg and dioxins are released into the atmosphere.…”