Multi-stage tectonics and metallogeny associated with Phanerozoic evolution of the South China Block: A holistic perspective from the Youjiang Basin

Wang, Qingfei; Yang, Lin; Xu, Xiaojie; Santosh, M.; Wang, Yanning; Wang, Ting‐Yi; Chen, Fangge; Wang, Ruixue; Gao, Liang; Liu, Xuefei; Yang, Shujuan; Zeng, Yushan; Chen, Jiahao; Zhang, Qizuan; Deng, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103405

Cited by 87 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 252 publications

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“…The Youjiang Basin developed as a back‐arc basin during the initial stages of the collision (Zeng et al, 1995) and merged into a foreland basin before it closed due to the collision of the two plates. Post‐collisional extension during the end of the Indosinian Orogeny led to the deposition of low‐temperature hydrothermal gold mineralization in the south of the Youjiang Basin (Hu et al, 2007, 2017; Wang et al, 2020, b). The second gold mineralizing event was simultaneous with Au and W‐Sn deposits associated with Late Jurassic to Cretaceous magmatism in the eastern part of South China, and this region is thought to be controlled by a large‐scale lithosphere extension (thinning) following the retreat of the subducted Paleo‐Pacific oceanic crust (Li, 2000; Hua et al, 2006; Xu et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the two episodes of gold deposits in the Youjiang Basin were deposited in the Late Triassic to the Early Jurassic and the Early Cretaceous, respectively (Chen et al, 2015; Jin, 2017; Wang and Groves, 2018; Wang et al, 2020, b), when there was a change from a compressional to an extensional tectonic setting accompanied by the deposition of Carlin‐type or Carlin‐like gold deposits in Nevada (USA) and the western Qinling Orogen in China (Mao et al, 2002; Chen et al, 2004; Ryskamp et al, 2008; Liu, Dai, et al, 2015). The mineralizing fluid was primarily metamorphic which was derived from the deformation, the shortening, and thickening of the crust during the compressional tectonics, or originally mantle fluid which was derived from the mantle and underwent the crustal contamination by the Yangtze upper continental crust which was triggered by the large‐scale lithosphere extension (thinning) following the retreat of the subducted Paleo‐Pacific oceanic plate (Hofstra et al, 2005; Peng et al, 2014; Tan et al, 2015; Su et al, 2018; Wang, Zhao, et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interpreted tectonic evolution of the region includes: (Zeng et al, 1995;Su et al, 2009;Zhang et al, 2009;Chen et al, 2011Chen et al, , 2015Xia et al, 2016;Liu et al, 2018;Wang, Yang, et al, 2020).…”

Section: Regional Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Youjiang Basin hosts widespread gold mineralization in SW China with a reserve of over 800 t Au (Figure 1; Deng and Wang, 2016; Su et al, 2018; Xie et al, 2018; Wang, Yang, et al, 2020), making the basin an important source of gold in China. The basin is bounded by the Ziyun‐Nandan Fault to the northeast, the Mile‐Panxian Fault to the northwest, the Nanning Fault to the southeast, and the Songma Suture to the southwest (Figure 1; Zeng et al, 1995; Zhang et al, 2009).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sm‐Nd isochron age and Sr‐Nd isotopes of the calcite from the Nibao gold deposit in the Youjiang Basin, SW China

Bagas

Han

et al. 2022

Resource Geology

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The Youjiang Basin in SW China is the second‐largest Carlin‐like goldfield in the world after Nevada, USA. However, the age and the hydrothermal origin of the gold mineralization are still in controversy, which leads to ambiguities in understanding the geodynamic setting and genetic mechanism of the gold deposition. Nibao is a large, stratabound, and fault‐controlled Carlin‐type gold deposit in the north of the Youjiang Basin. Three ore stages have been recognized in the evolution of the mineralizing hydrothermal fluid, with the stages being characterized by assemblages of the early quartz–porous pyrite, the main quartz–calcite‐apatite–sericite–pyrite–arsenopyrite‐gold, and the late quartz–calcite–fluorite–realgar–orpiment–stibnite. Calcite veins from the main and late ore stage at Nibao are enriched in middle rare earth elements, which is a distinctive characteristic of hydrothermal calcite veins associated with low‐temperature hydrothermal Au‐Sb deposits in the Youjiang Basin, and yield a Sm‐Nd isochron age of 138 ± 1 Ma. The vast majority of the ore stage calcite samples have narrow 87Sr/86Sr ratios and εNd(t) values ranging from 0.708119 to 0.708423 and − 1.1–−3.3, respectively, indicating that the gold‐bearing hydrothermal fluid could be derived from the mixing of mantle and crustal materials. Therefore, we proposed that the gold mineralization during the Early Cretaceous in the Youjiang Basin was triggered by the large‐scale lithosphere extension following the retreat of the subducted Paleo‐Pacific oceanic crust, and the hydrothermal fluid could be originated from the mantle and underwent the contamination of Yangtze upper continental crust.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regional Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Sm‐Nd isochron age and Sr‐Nd isotopes of the calcite from the Nibao gold deposit in the Youjiang Basin, SW China

Bagas

Han

et al. 2022

Resource Geology

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“…The Xiangzhong province of China hosts the world's largest Sb reserves in the world, with over 171 known antimony mineral deposits and 2.7 Mt Sb reserves (Deng et al, 2017;Hu and Peng, 2018;Wang et al, 2020b;Fu et al, 2022;Yan et al, 2022). Estimates of historic mining activity indicate that approximately 1 Mt of Sb have been produced from the Xikuangshan Sb deposit beginning in the 16th century and pre-mining reserves are 2.5 Mt at an average Sb grade of 4.0 wt.…”

Section: Geology Of the Xikuangshan Sb Depositmentioning

confidence: 99%

Telescoped boiling and cooling mechanisms triggered hydrothermal stibnite precipitation: Insights from the world’s largest antimony deposit in Xikuangshan China

Qiu

Simon

et al. 2023

American Mineralogist

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Society annually consumes 250% more Sb relative to the year 1960 and a sustainable supply of antimony depends critically on understanding the precipitation mechanism of stibnite (Sb 2 S 3 ) that is the globally predominant source of this important technology metal.Previous solubility studies revealed that antimony is transported in mesothermal hydrothermal fluids mainly as thioantimonite (H 2 Sb 2 S 4 , HSb 2 S 4 -, Sb 2 S 4 2-) and hydroxothioantimonite (Sb 2 S 2 (OH) 2 ). Thioantimonite can transform to hydroxothioantimonite as the decline of H 2 S concentration. However, whether this transition occurs in hydrothermal systems and its role in stibnite precipitation are unknown.In this work, bulk Sb isotope measurements for stibnite from the world's largest Sb deposit in Xikuangshan China were conducted to address ore fluid evolution and stibnite precipitation mechanisms. The abundance of the stable antimony isotopes 121 Sb and 123 Sb were measured in stibnite from the Xikuangshan orebodies and reported as δ 123 Sb. The δ 123 Sb values show a trend of decreasing first and then increasing from proximal to distal parts of orebodies. This reveals that 123 Sb had been preferentially partitioned from the ore fluid into stibnite first, then 123 Sb remained preferentially dissolved in the ore fluid. These data indicate that the dominant Sb-complex transforms to Sb 2 S 2 (OH) 2 from H 2 Sb 2 S 4 with consuming of H 2 S. Speciation diagram considerations indicate that stibnite precipitation from the ore fluid was controlled by two telescoped processes: 1) boiling of the ore fluid induced a decrease in H 2 S that reduced the solubility of H 2 Sb 2 S 4 , and 2) subsequent cooling that induced a decrease in the solubility of Sb 2 S 2 (OH) 2 . This study highlights that understanding the controls of Sb isotope fractionation is critical to constrain fluid evolution and stibnite precipitation mechanisms in Sb-rich mineral systems. In particular, the stable Sb This is the peer-reviewed, final accepted version for American Mineralogist, published by the Mineralogical Society of America.The published version is subject to change. Cite as Authors (Year) Title. American Mineralogist, in press.

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Coexistence of Carboniferous oceanic island basalts with Permian supra‐subduction zone ophiolites in the Changning–Menglian accretionary wedge: Implication for tectonic reconstruction

et al. 2022

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This paper reports two types of basalt that have different ages (Carboniferous and Permian) but occur next to each other in the northern part of the Changning–Menglian accretionary wedge, southwestern China. We use the geochronology and geochemical data to evaluate the tectonic evolution of the Palaeo‐Tethys during this period. Zircon grains from the mafic‐ultramafic rocks associated with the Permian basalts in the Xiaomengtai area yield a U–Pb age of 281 Ma and εHf(t) values from +9.2 to +12.8. The Permian mafic‐ultramafic rocks and the associated basalts are all characterized by normal mid‐ocean ridge basalt (N‐MORB)‐like chondrite‐normalized rare earth elements patterns, moderately negative Nb‐Ta anomalies in the mantle‐normalized immobile incompatible trace element patterns, and positive εNd(t) values from +4.2 to +6.5, which are consistent with the geochemical characteristics of mafic‐ultramafic rocks in supra‐subduction zone (SSZ)‐type ophiolite. On the contrary, the Carboniferous basalts, which are associated with marine carbonates, are characterized by light REE enrichments, slightly positive Nb‐Ta anomalies, and εNd(t) values from +2.8 to +4.0. These features are similar to those of typical oceanic island basalts (OIBs) worldwide. Modelling results using REEs show that the parental magmas for the Carboniferous OIBs and the Permian basalts were likely derived from mantle peridotites at the depths of garnet and spinel stability, respectively, consistent with the formation depth of these two different types of basalt globally. The occurrence of these two different types of mafic‐ultramafic rocks with significantly different ages in the same area supports the view that they are the remnants of the accreted Palaeo‐Tethys oceanic crust. The Carboniferous OIBs are considered to be parts of an OIB‐carbonate seamount chain that originally formed in the southern part of the Palaeo‐Tethys. The Permian mafic‐ultramafic rocks are regarded as fragments of SSZ‐type ophiolites that were present in the northern part of the Palaeo‐Tethys. These different pieces of oceanic crust were accreted to the Simao–Indochina continental Block by subduction between the Late Permian and the Triassic.

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Multi-stage tectonics and metallogeny associated with Phanerozoic evolution of the South China Block: A holistic perspective from the Youjiang Basin

Cited by 87 publications

References 252 publications

Sm‐Nd isochron age and Sr‐Nd isotopes of the calcite from the Nibao gold deposit in the Youjiang Basin, SW China

Sm‐Nd isochron age and Sr‐Nd isotopes of the calcite from the Nibao gold deposit in the Youjiang Basin, SW China

Telescoped boiling and cooling mechanisms triggered hydrothermal stibnite precipitation: Insights from the world’s largest antimony deposit in Xikuangshan China

Coexistence of Carboniferous oceanic island basalts with Permian supra‐subduction zone ophiolites in the Changning–Menglian accretionary wedge: Implication for tectonic reconstruction

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