Multi-stage responsive 4D printed smart structure through varying geometric thickness of shape memory polymer

Teoh, Joanne Ee Mei; Zhao, Yue; An, Jia; Chua, Chee Kai; Liu, Yong

doi:10.1088/1361-665x/aa908a

Cited by 58 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The temperature of the blue fibers at the lower layer was estimated via heat-transfer simulations (COMSOL Multiphysics). In the simulations, the experimentally measured temperatures for yellow fibers were used, and the thermal-conductivity values for printing materials were obtained from the literature 32,33 . We found that air cooling does not change our simulation result much (see Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicolor 4D printing of shape-memory polymers for light-induced selective heating and remote actuation

Jeong

Woo

Kim

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Four-dimensional (4D) printing can add active and responsive functions to three-dimensional (3D) printed objects in response to various external stimuli. Light, among others, has a unique advantage of remotely controlling structural changes to obtain predesigned shapes. In this study, we demonstrate multicolor 4D printing of shape-memory polymers (SMPs). Using color-dependent selective light absorption and heating in multicolor SMP composites, we realize remote actuation with light illumination. We experimentally investigate the temperature changes in colored SMPs and observe a clear difference between the different colors. We also present simulations and analytical calculations to theoretically model the structural variations in multicolor composites. Finally, we consider a multicolor hinged structure and demonstrate the multistep actuation by changing the color of light and duration of illumination. 4D printing can allow complex, multicolor geometries with predesigned responses. Moreover, SMPs can be reused multiple times for thermal actuation by simply conducting thermomechanical programming again. Therefore, 4D printing of multicolor SMP composites have unique merits for light-induced structural changes. Our study indicates that multicolor 4D printing of SMPs are promising for various structural changes and remote actuation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicolor 4D printing of shape-memory polymers for light-induced selective heating and remote actuation

Jeong

Woo

Kim

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Multi-material printing can provide a venue for realizing various active structures. Based on multi-material 3D printing, there have been various studies on multi-functional structures and sequentially deforming or actuating structures [15][16][17][18]. For example, Le Duigou et al fabricated a bio-inspired electro-thermo-hygro reversible shape-changing structure using a hygroscopic polyamide matrix and continuous carbon fibers [19].…”

Section: Printing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D and 4D printing for optics and metaphotonics

Jeong

Lee

et al. 2020

Nanophotonics

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AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) printing is a new paradigm in customized manufacturing and allows the fabrication of complex optical components and metaphotonic structures that are difficult to realize via traditional methods. Conventional lithography techniques are usually limited to planar patterning, but 3D printing can allow the fabrication and integration of complex shapes or multiple parts along the out-of-plane direction. Additionally, 3D printing can allow printing on curved surfaces. Four-dimensional (4D) printing adds active, responsive functions to 3D-printed structures and provides new avenues for active, reconfigurable optical and microwave structures. This review introduces recent developments in 3D and 4D printing, with emphasis on topics that are interesting for the nanophotonics and metaphotonics communities. In this article, we have first discussed functional materials for 3D and 4D printing. Then, we have presented the various designs and applications of 3D and 4D printing in the optical, terahertz, and microwave domains. 3D printing can be ideal for customized, nonconventional optical components and complex metaphotonic structures. Furthermore, with various printable smart materials, 4D printing might provide a unique platform for active and reconfigurable structures. Therefore, 3D and 4D printing can introduce unprecedented opportunities in optics and metaphotonics and may have applications in freeform optics, integrated optical and optoelectronic devices, displays, optical sensors, antennas, active and tunable photonic devices, and biomedicine. Abundant new opportunities exist for exploration.

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“…All three mixtures are Stratasys’ proprietary digital materials (DM), with VW as the primary component and TB the secondary component. The percentage of TB in each has not been released by Stratasys, but the order is known as follows: DM8510 < DM8520 < DM8530 (highest percent of TB) [ 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and 4D Printing of Cross-Folded Origami Structures: A Preliminary Investigation

Teoh

Feng

et al. 2018

Materials

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In 4D printing research, different types of complex structure folding and unfolding have been investigated. However, research on cross-folding of origami structures (defined as a folding structure with at least two overlapping folds) has not been reported. This research focuses on the investigation of cross-folding structures using multi-material components along different axes and different horizontal hinge thickness with single homogeneous material. Tensile tests were conducted to determine the impact of multi-material components and horizontal hinge thickness. In the case of multi-material structures, the hybrid material composition has a significant impact on the overall maximum strain and Young’s modulus properties. In the case of single material structures, the shape recovery speed is inversely proportional to the horizontal hinge thickness, while the flexural or bending strength is proportional to the horizontal hinge thickness. A hinge with a thickness of 0.5 mm could be folded three times prior to fracture whilst a hinge with a thickness of 0.3 mm could be folded only once prior to fracture. A hinge with a thickness of 0.1 mm could not even be folded without cracking. The introduction of a physical hole in the center of the folding/unfolding line provided stress relief and prevented fracture. A complex flower petal shape was used to successfully demonstrate the implementation of overlapping and non-overlapping folding lines using both single material segments and multi-material segments. Design guidelines for establishing cross-folding structures using multi-material components along different axes and different horizontal hinge thicknesses with single or homogeneous material were established. These guidelines can be used to design and implement complex origami structures with overlapping and non-overlapping folding lines. Combined overlapping folding structures could be implemented and allocating specific hole locations in the overall designs could be further explored. In addition, creating a more precise prediction by investigating sets of in between hinge thicknesses and comparing the folding times before fracture, will be the subject of future work.

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Multi-stage responsive 4D printed smart structure through varying geometric thickness of shape memory polymer

Cited by 58 publications

References 27 publications

Multicolor 4D printing of shape-memory polymers for light-induced selective heating and remote actuation

Multicolor 4D printing of shape-memory polymers for light-induced selective heating and remote actuation

3D and 4D printing for optics and metaphotonics

Design and 4D Printing of Cross-Folded Origami Structures: A Preliminary Investigation

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