Multi-Stage Optimization Based Automatic Voltage Control Systems Considering Wind Power Forecasting Errors

Voltage Control in the Future Power Transmission Systems

“…The objective of the AVC system should be achieved under a set of constraints that are typically the physical regulation limits of the components and the system operational limitations [78].…”

“…The solution to enhance the AVC decision making process is to introduce the forecasted snapshots, and minimize the total operational cost for a certain period, which formulates a "multi-stage optimal reactive power flow (MORPF) problem" [78].…”

“…Therefore, the cost functions of them should consider the sign conversion. Figure 32.The multi-stage optimization [78].…”

“…The MORPF objective function to minimize the total regulation cost can be summarized in (4.28)-(4.31) [78]. It can be seen that the physical cost of each term is not able to be accurately assigned in (4.29)-(4.31) due to the quadratic functions representing the cost of changes on the reactive power components.…”

“…Recursive formulation In [78], the relation of the MORPF approach to the dynamic programming concept is presented. The concept of the derivation is briefly introduced following.…”