Multi Species Detection in a Liquid Fuelled Model Combustor using Tunable Excimer Lasers

Honig, Richard E.; Kappler, G.; Andresen, Peter L.; Brehm, N.

doi:10.1080/00102209408935479

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The Mie-scattering technique is a commonly used method for liquid phase visualization [22][23][24][25]. The scattered signal depends on the fuel droplet diameter and droplet number density [26].…”

Section: Visualization Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Low-sooting combustion in a small-bore high-speed direct-injection diesel engine using narrow-angle injectors

Fang

Coverdill

Lee

et al. 2008

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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An optically accessible high-speed direct-injection diesel engine was used to study the effects of injection angles on low-sooting combustion. A digital high-speed camera was employed to capture the entire cycle combustion and spray evolution processes under seven operating conditions including post-top-dead centre (TDC) injection and pre-TDC injection strategies. The nitrogen oxide (NO x) emissions were also measured in the exhaust pipe. In-cylinder pressure data and heat release rate calculations were conducted. All the cases show premixed combustion features. For post-TDC injection cases, a large amount of fuel deposition is seen for a narrower-injection-angle tip, i.e. the 70° tip, and ignition is observed near the injector tip in the centre of the bowl, while for a wider-injection-angle tip, namely a 110° tip, ignition occurs near the spray tip in the vicinity of the bowl wall. The combustion flame is near the bowl wall and at the central region of the bowl for the 70° tip. However, the flame is more distributed and centralized for the 110° tip. Longer spray penetration is found for the pre-TDC injection timing cases. Liquid fuel impinges on the bowl wall or on the piston top and a fuel film is formed. Ignition for all the pre-TDC injection cases occur in a distributed way in the piston bowl. Two different combustion modes are observed for the pre-TDC injection cases including a homogeneous bulky combustion flame at earlier crank angles and a heterogeneous film combustion mode with luminous sooting flame at later crank angles. In terms of soot emissions, NO x emissions, and fuel efficiency, results show that the late post-TDC injection strategy gives the best performance.

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Section: Visualization Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Low-sooting combustion in a small-bore high-speed direct-injection diesel engine using narrow-angle injectors

Fang

Coverdill

Lee

et al. 2008

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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“…Liquid fuel distribution visualization in engine cylinders provides useful information on the evolution of diesel spray evaporation and fuel droplet dispersion. The Mie-scattering technique is a commonly used method for liquid phase visualization (Dec and Espey, 1992;Honig et al, 1994;Zhao et al, 1996;Becker and Hassa, 2002;Kim et al, 2007). The scattered signal is proportional to the second power of fuel droplet diameter (Siegel and Howell, 1992), which can be used qualitatively for liquid fuel distribution without calibration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low temperature premixed combustion within a small bore high speed direct injection (HSDI) optically accessible diesel engine using a retarded single injection

Fang

Coverdill

Lee

et al. 2008

Int.J Automot. Technol.

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An optically accessible single-cylinder high speed direct-injection (HSDI) Diesel engine equipped with a Bosch common rail injection system was used to study low temperature Modulated Kinetics (MK) combustion with a retarded single main injection. High-speed liquid fuel Mie-scattering was employed to investigate the liquid distribution and evolution. By carefully setting up the optics, three-dimensional images of fuel spray were obtained from both the bottom of the piston and the side window. The NOx emissions were measured in the exhaust pipe. The influence of injection pressure and injection timing on liquid fuel evolution and combustion characteristics was studied under similar fuel quantities. Interesting spray development was seen from the side window images. Liquid impingement was found for all of the cases due to the small diameter of the piston bowl. The liquid fuel tip hits the bowl wall obliquely and spreads as a wall jet in the radial direction of the spray. Due to the bowl geometry, the fuel film moves back into the central part of the bowl, which enhances the airfuel mixing process and prepares a more homogeneous air-fuel mixture. Stronger impingement was seen for high injection pressures. Injection timing had little effect on fuel impingement. No liquid fuel was seen before ignition, indicating premixed combustion for all the cases. High-speed combustion video was taken using the same frame rate. Ignition was seen to occur on or near the bowl wall in the vicinity of the spray tip, with the ignition delay being noticeably longer for lower injection pressure and later injection timing. The majority of the flame was confined to the bowl region throughout the combustion event. A more homogeneous and weaker flame was observed for higher injection pressures and later injection timing. The combustion structure also proves the mixing enhancement effect of the liquid fuel impingement. The results show that ultralow sooting combustion is feasible in an HSDI diesel engine with a higher injection pressure, a higher EGR rate, or later injection timing, with little penalty on power output. It was also found that injection timing has more influence on HCCI-like combustion using a single main injection than the other two factors studied. Compared with the base cases, simultaneous reductions of soot and NOx were obtained by increasing EGR rate and retarding injection timing. By increasing injection pressure, NOx emissions were increased due to leaner and faster combustion with better air-fuel mixing. However, smoke emissions were significantly reduced with increased injection pressure.

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“…The size of the combustion systems under investigation range from a laboratory scale, mainly employing gaseous fuel and simple burner setups (Cheng et al (1992), Schefer et al (1990)), over model combustors e.g. with a supersonic flow (McMillin et al (1994), Honig et al (1996)), to industrial scale, characterized by using liquid fuel and complex burner geometry, occasionally operated under elevated pressure conditions (Versluis et al (1992), Arnold et al (1993), Koch et al (1993), Honig et al (1994), Locke et al (1995), Allen et al (1995), Upschulte et al (1996)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Single-Shot LIF-Imaging of OH and UHC in a Prevaporized, Partially Premixed, Swirl-Stabilized n-Heptane Flame

Lachner

Theisen

Fink

et al. 1998

Volume 3: Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Combustion and Fuels; Oil and Gas Applications; Cycle Innovations

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The prevaporized, partially premixed, swirl-stabilized n-heptane flame in an atmospheric pressure combustor is investigated using a tuneable KrF excimer laser. Flashing the flame with a laser sheet tuned to the P2(8) line of OH (hydroxyl radical), single-shot images of the laser-induced signals are taken simultaneously with two ICCD-cameras aligned to the same measuring volume. One camera detects mainly the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) from the 3→2 band of the OH plus signals from UHC (unburned hydrocarbons). Only broad-band emission from UHC is imaged onto the other camera. Comparing the two images, signals stemming from OH and UHC, respectively, can be distinguished. Pictures, taken in various planes along the main flow direction, reveal highly turbulent structures in the flame. High fluorescence signals from OH can obviously be found both in filament-like flame fronts lying between fresh combustible mixtures and hot combustion products as well as in broadened reaction regions.

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Multi Species Detection in a Liquid Fuelled Model Combustor using Tunable Excimer Lasers

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Low-sooting combustion in a small-bore high-speed direct-injection diesel engine using narrow-angle injectors

Low-sooting combustion in a small-bore high-speed direct-injection diesel engine using narrow-angle injectors

Low temperature premixed combustion within a small bore high speed direct injection (HSDI) optically accessible diesel engine using a retarded single injection

Simultaneous Single-Shot LIF-Imaging of OH and UHC in a Prevaporized, Partially Premixed, Swirl-Stabilized n-Heptane Flame

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