2000
DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2000.tb00088.x
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Multi‐Site DNA Polymorphism Analyses of Leishmania Isolates Define their Genotypes Predicting Clinical Epidemiology of Leishmaniasis in a Specific Region

Abstract: Leishmania isolates from 57 cases of human cutaneous (CL), human visceral (VL), and canine visceral (CVL) leishmaniasis in Turkey were grouped by multi-site DNA polymorphism analyses into five genotypes. The initial grouping was based on DNA heterogeneity of the faster-evolving mitochondrion (kinetoplast) minicircles and the intergenic regions of two nuclear repetitive genes. Taxonomic affiliation and phylogenetic relationships of the five genotypes were inferred by comparing them with reference species for se… Show more

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Cited by 52 publications
(44 citation statements)
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“…Another cluster comprises parasites from rural localities in Espírito Santo and Pernambuco, where Lutzomyia whitmani is the principal vector species. Other studies using different molecular markers have demonstrated a geographic structuring of Leishmania parasites (2,16,23,33,34), and populations of L. (V.) braziliensis isolates collected from geographically closed areas seem to be more genetically similar (12,24). However, the present study indicates that the geographic structuring of L. (V.) braziliensis reflects the plasticity of these parasites to adapt to different vector species (or populations of this vectors) involved in the transmission cycle.…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 54%
“…Another cluster comprises parasites from rural localities in Espírito Santo and Pernambuco, where Lutzomyia whitmani is the principal vector species. Other studies using different molecular markers have demonstrated a geographic structuring of Leishmania parasites (2,16,23,33,34), and populations of L. (V.) braziliensis isolates collected from geographically closed areas seem to be more genetically similar (12,24). However, the present study indicates that the geographic structuring of L. (V.) braziliensis reflects the plasticity of these parasites to adapt to different vector species (or populations of this vectors) involved in the transmission cycle.…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 54%
“…TNF-␣ has been shown to be a major NF-B-activating signal for macrophage activation (10). Thus, secretion of TNF-␣ by macrophages is sufficient to mediate production of NO and killing of L. major parasites (2). It has also been demonstrated that TNF-␣ levels were higher in the sera of pretreatment CL patients (16).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 82%
“…The protozoan parasite Leishmania major infects mononuclear phagocytes, and control of the infection depends on adequate activation of the infected macrophages to kill parasites and inhibit their replication (2). The microbicidal activity of macrophages in an inflammatory milieu has been related to production of a large number of cytokines and intermediary metabolites of oxygen and nitrogen (3,8,11).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Confirmatory identification of nonreference strains was performed by either isoenzymatic, kinetoplast DNA (kDNA), or nuclear DNA sequences analyses. [6][7][8][9][10][11] The methods used for each strain are indicated in Tables 1 and 2. Some strains may not have been typed, although other isolates from the same sites were confirmed.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%