“…Vortex methods are also known for their excellent conservation properties. They can be discretized in a Lagrangian fashion, by points [PK05, SRF05, Ang17], segments [TRLX22, XTZ*21], filaments [WP10,PCK*19] or sheets [PTG12, BKB12]; or in a hybrid format that combines grid‐based velocity/streamfunction data with Lagrangian vortex elements [Leo80, CC91, KL95, ZBG15, CCB*08, FDB22]. In general, vortex methods suffer from complicated boundary treatments and additional costs or instabilities due to vortex stretching terms.…”