Multi-scale morphological characterisation of flax: From the stem to the fibrils

Charlet, Karine; Jernot, Jean‐Paul; Eve, S.; Gomina, Moussa; Bréard, Joël

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.04.022

Cited by 122 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…After the paper frame were cut to free the fiber, and load was applied at a constant crosshead displacement rate of 1 mm/min (Charlet et al 2010) until the fiber fractured. All the testing data, including load, displacement, and Young's modulus, were recorded and calculated automatically using the software Merlin IX (Instron Corp.) on an attached computer.…”

Section: Tensile Test Of Single Technical Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Flax Water Retting of Different Durations in Laboratory Condition and Evaluation of Its Fiber Properties

Ruan¹,

Raghavan²,

Gariépy³

et al. 2015

BioResources

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Water retting is a traditional retting method that enables the low-cost production of bast fibers. This study investigated the retting of flax straws by distilled water for three different durations at room temperature in laboratory condition. The retting quality was evaluated in terms of the weight loss and degumming rate together with the fiber properties, which included color, linear density, and tensile properties. The degumming rate was defined as the percentage change in pectin content of phloem regions from the raw flax to water-retted flax. It was found that the dissolution of pectin and other contaminating materials during the beginning retting stage must have played an important role in pectin (content) and weight loss besides pectin degradation, and water retting gradually improved both the apparel properties, such as whiteness and fineness, and the mechanical properties of the fibers. Given the results, a water retting duration of six days should be sufficient to provide sound retting efficiency and reasonable fiber properties.

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Section: Tensile Test Of Single Technical Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Flax Water Retting of Different Durations in Laboratory Condition and Evaluation of Its Fiber Properties

Ruan¹,

Raghavan²,

Gariépy³

et al. 2015

BioResources

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“…It was concluded that by using a blend of batches, it is possible to guarantee speci c mechanical properties that can compete with those of glass bres. Moreover, it should be highlighted that all tensile properties are widely scattered [2,[15][16][17][18]; this phenomenon also occurred at the breakage properties of glass bres in opposition to their Young's modulus, which is more stable [15]. Fuqua et al [19] assessed the property variation between polymer matrix composites unidirectionally reinforced with dew retted, nely combed, long-line ax bre versus randomly oriented polymer composite reinforced with combine harvested, minimally retted, short oleaginous ax bre with high percentage of shives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of Textile and Oleaginous Flax Fibrous and Shives Material as Potential Reinforcement for Polymer Composites

Tomljenović¹,

Erceg²

2016

TEK

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In recent years, the use of fl ax fi bres to replace glass fi bres as reinforcement in polymer composites has gained popularity due to an increasing environmental concern and requirement for developing sustainable materials. Many works deal with the properties of fl ax fi bres cultivated for textile applications, which are today used for polymer reinforcement. As fi brous material from oleaginous fl ax varieties and shives is available in large quantities and not promoted, its use in composites shall be further developed in the forthcoming years. Croatia and Slovenia mainly grow oleaginous fl ax, where after the seed collecting, most of the stems remain unused, the major portion being burned in fi elds, creating environmental pollution, or being disposed by ploughing. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterise and compare the properties of shives and technical fi bres extracted from fl ax Linum usitatissimum L., a textile variety planted in Croatia and from the Slovenian autochthonous oleaginous variety from Bela Krajina, to be used as potential reinforcement in polymer composites. The fl ax stems of the textile variety were subjected to water retting for 72 hours and the fl ax stems of the oleaginous variety were dew retted for four weeks. Dried retted stems were passed through a mechanical process of breaking and scotching, followed by heckling and combing, where the shives and fibres were separated into four groups according to their length. The characterisation of the fi brous material of both varieties was studied according to the results of optical and scanning electron microscopy, moisture regain, fi bre length, linear density and tensile strength, and according to the results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Based on the analysis results, it was concluded that the properties of investigated textile and oleaginous fl ax fi brous material were comparable, as were the properties of tested fi bre length groups within the same variety; that fl ax fi bres from textile and oleaginous varieties have adequate morphological and mechanical properties, and thermal stability for reinforcing polymer matrix composites; and that fl ax shives are more appropriate for fi llers in plastics with a lower reinforcing role. As the type of fi bre reinforcement (short fi bres, roving/yarns, nonwoven or woven fabrics) is very important for polymer composite properties, based on the obtained results, fi bres can be selected for specifi c purposes. Keywords: textile fl ax, oleaginous fl ax, fi brous material, polymer composite, reinforcement

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“…After the process of separation, the flax fibers in each class were weighed to nearest 0.001 g and the percentage by weight in each section was documented [9]. The climatic condition for the experiment was set at a temperature of 20 ± 2 °C and 65 ± 2% relative humidity.…”

Section: Weighted Average Length Of Fibermentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Evaluation of Physical and Structural Properties of Water Retted and Non-retted Flax Fibers

Nair

Singh

Zimniewska

et al. 2013

Fibers

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Flax stems of Modran variety were subjected to water retting under laboratory conditions and its physical properties were compared with non-retted fibers. Physical properties including percentage of impurities, weighted average length, linear density, tenacity and elongation were analyzed and the results were compared. The analysis of retted and non-retted flax fibers showed that retting is the most important step in the processing of flax fibers and it directly affects quality attributes like strength, fineness, and homogeneity. Scanning Electron microscope images of fibers were also analyzed and the retted fibers showed much cleaner surface when compared to decorticated non-retted fibers.

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Multi-scale morphological characterisation of flax: From the stem to the fibrils

Cited by 122 publications

References 18 publications

Characterization of Flax Water Retting of Different Durations in Laboratory Condition and Evaluation of Its Fiber Properties

Characterization of Flax Water Retting of Different Durations in Laboratory Condition and Evaluation of Its Fiber Properties

Characterisation of Textile and Oleaginous Flax Fibrous and Shives Material as Potential Reinforcement for Polymer Composites

Comparative Evaluation of Physical and Structural Properties of Water Retted and Non-retted Flax Fibers

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