Multi-scale modeling of the thermal decomposition of fire retardant plywood

Fateh, Talal; Rogaume, Thomas; Richard, Franck

doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2014.01.007

Cited by 35 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…There are several literature precedents where Arrhenius equation has been used [3][4][5][6][7][31][32] in order to describe reaction rates of thermal degradation processes of solid polymeric materials.…”

Section: Calculation Of the Kinetics Parameters By A Genetic Algorithmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Arrhenius-type reaction with one or two steps) [1][2][3]. The above assumptions could generate several errors, notably through a poor description of the rate process(s), and also owing to the fact that the thermal degradation of different fuels takes place in several steps (not necessarily by one or two steps).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order that these models to be implemented, a set of apparent kinetic parameters are needed to be determined for each step of the degradation process. On the contrary, often degradation kinetic data are only empirical in nature, and are considered in most cases to be a firstorder reaction, with little or no justification behind this choice [1][2][3]. In actual practice, an accurate determination of the kinetic parameters of material undergoing thermal degradation is crucial for predicting its behaviour in a fire.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental and modelling studies on the kinetics and mechanisms of thermal degradation of polymethyl methacrylate in nitrogen and air

Fateh

Richard

Rogaume

et al. 2016

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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Highlights TGA and DSC were used to assess the decomposition and phase behaviour of PMMA.  Gas phase was analysed through FTIR.  Mechanism of the thermal decomposition of PMMA was proposed.  Kinetic parameters were calculated by employing a Genetic Algorithm.  Model was validated for different oxygen concentrations (10.5 and 15 vol.%). Abstract Modelling of spread of fires and their extinguishment in solid materials still present a significantchallenge. In order to reliably predict the behaviour of a material in a fire scenario, an adequate description of the processes occurring at the gas/solid interface is highly crucial. In this context,fire scenarios involving polymeric materials are of primary importance because of their increasing use as components in buildings and in transportation. The purpose of this study is to propose an accurate model for the thermal degradation of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) by primarily using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TGA in non-isothermal conditions, together with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), was applied to investigate the thermal degradation of black PMMA in inert (nitrogen) and oxidizing (air) atmospheres, at different heating rates. The volatile degradation products as well as mass loss history provided sufficient information regarding the kinetics and possible degradation mechanisms of PMMA. A genetic algorithm (GA) was applied to estimate the kinetic parameters, which showed an excellent agreement with corresponding experimental observations for several heating rates and at different atmospheres (0, 10.5, 15 and 21vol. %O 2 ).

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Section: Calculation Of the Kinetics Parameters By A Genetic Algorithmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Experimental and modelling studies on the kinetics and mechanisms of thermal degradation of polymethyl methacrylate in nitrogen and air

Fateh

Richard

Rogaume

et al. 2016

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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“…The FTIR analysis technique used included sampling and filtering devices that were validated during the smoke gas analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (SAFIR) project , which also constituted the basis for toxicity analysis carried out following the guidelines of the standard ISO 19702 ; this technique has been used in previous works . Based on visual observations, the main features of the experiments can be classified into the following groups (see also Table ): From the beginning of the test and the ignition: this step starts with the rise of solid's temperature without production of any gas (i.e.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐scale experimental investigations of the thermal degradation of pine needles

et al. 2016

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Summary In this work, the thermal degradation of pine needles (from a Mediterranean species) was studied using a thermogravimetric analysis and cone calorimeter that were coupled to Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The thermogravimetric analyses were carried out at four heating rates, in both air and nitrogen atmospheres. The evolution of gaseous components, mass loss and mass loss rate were recorded as a function of time and temperature. In order to account for the observed behaviours of the materials, we have also proposed a mechanism for the thermal degradation of pine needles, by primarily analysing the evolutions of both mass loss rate and gaseous components under nitrogen and air atmospheres. The kinetic parameters were subsequently estimated by using a genetic algorithm method. The cone calorimetric measurements were mainly conducted with a view to investigating the influence of thermal transfer processes, occurring in a porous bed of pine needles with regard to its thermal degradation. The experiments were conducted at five external heat fluxes under a well‐ventilated atmosphere. Measurements consisted of the mass loss, mass loss rate and the amount of gaseous emissions. The main gases emitted during the thermal degradation and the combustion of the pine needles were found to be CH4, CO, CO2, NO and water vapour. In addition, the evolution of the temperature was measured by using a set of five thermocouples, placed in a vertical position at the centreline of the sample. The results obtained showed that the bed of pine needles behaved as a thermally thick fuel. On the contrary, at higher external heat fluxes, the sample behaved as a thermally thin sample. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…18,20,21 These reactions affect both the thermal and mechanical response of the material. In the analysis conducted in this work, material property data were obtained from a research effort, 19 which involved kinetics of wood through several phases. The tabulated properties shown in Table 2 used the temperatures and the phase properties to get an approximate value of temperature dependent properties.…”

Section: Composite Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of standard and real fire exposures on thermal response of rail car floor assembly

2019

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Summary This work developed a computational methodology to evaluate and compare standard fire exposures such as those outlined in ASTM E119 with real fire exposures and determine the difference in the temperature rise of a rail car floor assembly. The real fire exposures simulated in this work were identified in a review of incidents and consisted of a constantly‐fed diesel fuel spill, a localized trash fire, and a gasoline spill simulated from a collision of the railcar with an automobile. These realistic fire exposures were applied to a variety of exemplar rail cars representative of single‐level and bi‐level passenger cars. These floor assembly models exposed to realistic fires were simulated in Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). The thermal exposure at the underside of railcar provided by FDS was coupled with a thermal model in ABAQUS, which provided the evolution of temperature in different components of the floor assembly. The standard scenarios were simulated for 2 hours instead of the typical 30 minutes to identify the appropriate exposure duration in ASTM E119, which can better represent a real fire scenario. The average and maximum temperatures predicted at the unexposed surface for both scenarios were compared with the threshold values given in NFPA 130.

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Multi-scale modeling of the thermal decomposition of fire retardant plywood

Cited by 35 publications

References 24 publications

Experimental and modelling studies on the kinetics and mechanisms of thermal degradation of polymethyl methacrylate in nitrogen and air

Experimental and modelling studies on the kinetics and mechanisms of thermal degradation of polymethyl methacrylate in nitrogen and air

Multi‐scale experimental investigations of the thermal degradation of pine needles

Evaluation of standard and real fire exposures on thermal response of rail car floor assembly

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