Multi-scale modeling of hemodynamics in the cardiovascular system

Abstract

The human cardiovascular system is a closedloop and complex vascular network with multi-scaled heterogeneous hemodynamic phenomena. Here, we give a selective review of recent progress in macro-hemodynamic modeling, with a focus on geometrical multi-scale modeling of the vascular network, micro-hemodynamic modeling of microcirculation, as well as blood cellular, subcellular, endothelial biomechanics, and their interaction with arterial vessel mechanics. We describe in detail the methodology of hemodynamic modeling and its potential applications in cardiovascular research and clinical practice. In addition, we present major topics for future study: recent progress of patient-specific hemodynamic modeling in clinical applications, micro-hemodynamic modeling in capillaries and blood cells, and the importance and potential of the multi-scale hemodynamic modeling.

Impact of the location of the fenestration on Fontan circulation haemodynamics: a three-dimensional, computational model study

“…This model was coupled with a lumped parameter model of the cardiovascular system to provide realistic physiological boundary conditions at the inlets and outlets. [7][8][9][10][11] A CT scan from a 12-year-old patient who underwent Fontan completion was used. This patient weighed 40 kg and was initially diagnosed with a double-outlet right ventricle, hypoplastic left ventricle, unbalanced atrioventricular septal defect, and pulmonary stenosis.…”

Personalized Hemodynamic Modeling of the Human Cardiovascular System: A Reduced-Order Computing Model

“…Blood density is denoted by ρ and is set at 1.06 g/cm 3 . KR is the friction force term and equals 8πν, assuming parabolic flow velocity profile on cross-sections [1], where ν denotes dynamic viscosity and is set at 4.43 s −1 cm 2 . At arterial bifurcations, additional equations of mass conservation and total pressure…”

“…ERSONALIZED or patient-specific cardiovascular modeling has developed rapidly with varieties of clinical applications in recent years. The quantitative modeling of hemodynamics in the human cardiovascular system is usually achieved through computational fluid dynamic (CFD) methods [1], [2]. Using high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) medical imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), precise heart and vessel anatomy can be reconstructed to provide boundary conditions for a patient-specific computational model.…”

Assessment of surface roughness and blood rheology on local coronary haemodynamics: a multi-scale computational fluid dynamics study

“…As plasma is less viscous than RBCs, it exerts a lower WSS magnitude, hence, the presence of an RBC depleted region will promote poor endothelial function. As individual RBCs are not simulated with this approach, additional effects due to the elastic deformation of RBCs [99,100] may further modify these micro-scale near-wall haemodynamics as RBC's deform around the surface texture. While this model combines the variation in lumen roughness with multiphase cellular transport, to further link the two scales, additional constraints on near-wall flow such as advection/diffusion at the endothelial surface or the aggregation/deformation of RBCs would be desirable to better understand how RBC transport effects these shear based parameters.…”