Multi-scale analysis of the diffusion barrier layer of gadolinia-doped ceria in a solid oxide fuel cell operated in a stack for 3000 h

Morales, M.; Miguel-Pérez, Verónica; Tarancón, Albert; Slodczyk, Aneta; Torrell, Marc; Ballesteros, Belén; Ouweltjes, Jan Pieter; Bassat, Jean‐Marc; Montinaro, Dario; Morata, Álex

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.01.109

Cited by 58 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In this case, ionic conduction path for the oxygen ion from the GDC interlayer to the YSZ electrolyte was maintained because the formed SrZrO 3 was dispersed around the ceria/zirconia inter-diffusion layer. 12,13 Such dispersed SrZrO 3 formation in the GDC interlayer have also been observed by other researchers. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] However, the formation mechanism of such morphology, i.e.…”

supporting

confidence: 76%

“…Lattice parameter decreased from 5.256 Å on the GDC side (point 1) to 5.003 Å on the YSZ side (point 4). Morales et al 12 and Tompsett et al 15 regarded the inter-diffusion layer as a composite structure comprising both doped GDC grains and YSZ grains, based on Raman spectroscopy observations. From our crystallographic analysis using TEM, however, no clear interface was distinguished between the GDC grain and the YSZ grain.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,13 Such dispersed SrZrO 3 formation in the GDC interlayer have also been observed by other researchers. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] However, the formation mechanism of such morphology, i.e. why SrZrO 3 formed dispersedly while maintaining the ionic conduction path for oxygen ion, is not yet clear.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the interlayer cannot completely eliminate SrZrO 3 formation, and the SrZrO 3 is often formed near the ceria/zirconia interface. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The amount and distribution of SrZrO 3 formation depends on the heat-treatment temperature of the interlayer. Wankmüller et al reported the influence of the sintering temperature of GDC interlayer on the morphology of SrZrO 3 formation.…”

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Mechanism of SrZrO₃Formation at GDC/YSZ Interface of SOFC Cathode

Chou

Inoue

Kawabata

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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SrZrO 3 formation at the interface of gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC) interlayer and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte is analyzed using high-resolution electron microscopy. SrZrO 3 is dispersed in the inter-diffusion layer on the GDC side from the Ce/Zr border. Zr, which diffuses into the GDC grain, contributes to the formation of SrZrO 3 . The crystallographic relationship among the SrZrO 3 grains and its neighboring GDC grains reveals that SrZrO 3 is formed at the surface, at the grain boundary, and inside the grain, while maintaining a highly matched boundary with the adjacent GDC grain. The matching of the interface boundary is confirmed by the O-lattice theory, according to which the threshold Zr/Ce ratio is 13/34. If Zr/Ce ratio in the GDC grain is higher than the threshold, SrZrO 3 may significantly grow into the grain. The conduction path for the oxygen ion is retained because the GDC grain containing Zr is split into the SrZrO 3 grain and the less-Zr-containing GDC grain. If Zr/Ce ratio is lower than the threshold, SrZrO 3 may be formed but will be limited by the amount of Zr diffusing from the adjacent region. Thus, the morphology of SrZrO 3 is strongly affected by the state of GDC grains in the inter-diffusion layer. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) represent a promising technology for converting chemical energy of fuel to electricity with high efficiency, and should find many commercial applications. In the recent developments of SOFCs, lanthanum strontium cobaltite ferrite (La,Sr)(Co,Fe)O 3 (LSCF), with mixed ionic-electronic conductivity, is widely used as the cathode material because it offers high electrochemical performance at intermediate temperatures. Since the most common electrolyte material, i.e. yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), tends to react with LSCF to form highly resistive SrZrO 3 , a thin interlayer consisting of doped ceria, such as gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC), is generally introduced between the LSCF cathode and the electrolyte to prevent solid-state reaction. 1-3 Some manufactures have fabricated an interlayer dense enough to suppress Sr diffusion toward the electrolyte side, which is accompanied by no SrZrO 3 formation. 4 In general, however, the interlayer formed on the YSZ electrolyte by printing and high-temperature sintering becomes porous. Therefore, the interlayer cannot completely eliminate SrZrO 3 formation, and the SrZrO 3 is often formed near the ceria/zirconia interface. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The amount and distribution of SrZrO 3 formation depends on the heat-treatment temperature of the interlayer. Wankmüller et al. reported the influence of the sintering temperature of GDC interlayer on the morphology of SrZrO 3 formation. 13 When the sintering temperature of GDC interlayer was 1200 • C, heat-treatment of LSCF cathode at 1080 • C produced a detrimental layer of SrZrO 3 entirely covering the YSZ electrolyte surface. When the sintering temperature of GDC interlayer was higher than 1300 • C, the amount of SrZrO 3 formed decreased and the distributio...

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supporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanism of SrZrO₃Formation at GDC/YSZ Interface of SOFC Cathode

Chou

Inoue

Kawabata

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…[6][7][8] Beyond these well-known materials, other compounds such as scandiastabilized zirconia (SSZ) or La x Sr 1Àx Co y Fe 1Ày O 3Àd (LSCF) are currently employed by the industry as electrolytes or oxygen electrodes, respectively, to increase the performance of the cells at lower operation temperatures (T < 800 C). 9,10 However, stability problems of SSZ under high current densities in SOEC mode 11 and the need of diffusion barrier layers between YSZ and LSCF 12,13 still make the conventional LSM-YSZ/YSZ/Ni-YSZ combination a competitive cell, even operating at elevated temperatures (T > 800 C).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D printing the next generation of enhanced solid oxide fuel and electrolysis cells

et al. 2020

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Boosting the Performance of La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO_3‐δ Electrodes by The Incorporation of Nanocomposite Active Layers

Zamudio‐García

Caizán‐Juanarena

Porras

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Inter

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emissions for the environment. Technologies such as fuel cells efficiently convert the chemical energy into electricity, thus becoming suitable candidates to achieve such transition. [1,2] In particular, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are of great interest for energy conversion due to their robustness, entirely solid structure and flexibility to use a wide variety of fuels, such as hydrogen, natural gas, and other gasified renewable biofuels. [3,4] In addition, they can also operate in reverse mode as solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) to convert electricity back into chemical energy when needed. [5] Nowadays, the main applications of SOFCs are related to medium and large stationary power generation plants, while their presence in portable devices and transportation is still limited. [6,7] One of the main reasons for that is their high operating temperatures (>800 °C) which, despite allowing high fuel conversion efficiencies, lead to accelerated material degradation and thereby shortening the cell lifetime. For that reason, an increasing research interest has grown around intermediate temperature SOFCs (IT-SOFCs), operating between 600 and 800 °C. [8] In this temperature range, the cell performance is mainly limited by the air electrode due its low kinetics toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). [9] This is the case for the conventional air electrode material La 0.8 Sr 0.2 MnO 3-δ (LSM), which exhibits poor electrocatalytic activity for ORR below 800 °C. [10] Since the ionic conductivity of LSM is extremely low (4 × 10 -8 S cm -1 at 900 °C), [11] the electrochemical reaction sites for ORR are limited to the triple phase boundary (TPB) region close to the electrode/electrolyte interface.In this context, mixed ionic-electronic conductors (MIECs) with better electrochemical properties have been developed as air electrodes in the last few years, e.g. La 0.8 Sr 0.2 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3-δ (LSCF), Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 Co 0.8 Fe 0.2 O 3-δ (BSCF), or PrBaCo 2 O 5+δ . [12] However, they suffer from several drawbacks, such as high thermal expansion coefficients, phase instability or phase segregation on the electrode surface. [13] For this reason, LSM is still considered an appropriate cathode for SOFC construction, despite its poorer performance at intermediate temperatures.Numerous strategies have been proposed to improve the performance of LSM by increasing the TPB region for ORR: i) the use of composite electrodes by combining LSM with different oxide ion conductors, such as Zr 0.84 Y 0.16 O 1.92 (YSZ) andThe use of active layers is a promising strategy to improve the properties of air electrodes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). In this work, La 0.8 Sr 0.2 MnO 3-δ is combined with different oxide ion conductors Ce 0.9 Gd 0.1 O 1.95 , Bi 1.5 Y 0.5 O 3 and Pr 6 O 11 to form highly efficient nanocomposite active layers in a single step by spray-pyrolysis deposition. One of the main advantages of these nanocomposite layers is that the nanoscale microstructure is retained at relatively high sintering temperatures. As a con...

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Multi-scale analysis of the diffusion barrier layer of gadolinia-doped ceria in a solid oxide fuel cell operated in a stack for 3000 h

Cited by 58 publications

References 35 publications

Mechanism of SrZrO₃Formation at GDC/YSZ Interface of SOFC Cathode

Mechanism of SrZrO₃Formation at GDC/YSZ Interface of SOFC Cathode

3D printing the next generation of enhanced solid oxide fuel and electrolysis cells

Boosting the Performance of La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO_3‐δ Electrodes by The Incorporation of Nanocomposite Active Layers

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Multi-scale analysis of the diffusion barrier layer of gadolinia-doped ceria in a solid oxide fuel cell operated in a stack for 3000 h

Cited by 58 publications

References 35 publications

Mechanism of SrZrO3Formation at GDC/YSZ Interface of SOFC Cathode

Mechanism of SrZrO3Formation at GDC/YSZ Interface of SOFC Cathode

3D printing the next generation of enhanced solid oxide fuel and electrolysis cells

Boosting the Performance of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3‐δ Electrodes by The Incorporation of Nanocomposite Active Layers

Contact Info

Product

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About

Mechanism of SrZrO₃Formation at GDC/YSZ Interface of SOFC Cathode

Mechanism of SrZrO₃Formation at GDC/YSZ Interface of SOFC Cathode

Boosting the Performance of La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO_3‐δ Electrodes by The Incorporation of Nanocomposite Active Layers