Multi-resolution spectral analysis of wildfire potassium emission signatures using laboratory, airborne and spaceborne remote sensing

Amici, S.; Wooster, Martin J.; Piscini, Alessandro

doi:10.1016/j.rse.2011.02.022

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Measured levoglucosan EFs were also higher than those measured in chaparral fuel (average of 95.9 ± 35.6 mg/kg) and oak savanna and woodlands (29.1–58.6 mg/kg; Hosseini et al, ) but consistent with the EFs reported by Schauer et al () for wood burning of eucalypt (1.94 g/kg). Emissions of K were higher during flaming combustion as confirmed in previous studies (Amici et al, ; Balachandran et al, ; Vodacek et al, ). Separating smoldering combustion into char combustion and pyrolysis only provided a limited data set on chemical speciation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Ground‐Based Field Measurements of PM_2.5 Emission Factors From Flaming and Smoldering Combustion in Eucalypt Forests

et al. 2018

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In fire-prone areas such as southern Australia and parts of the United States, prescribed burning is a common fire management tool to reduce fuel load for wildfire suppression purposes. The burns are typically undertaken during calm and stable conditions when the burn extent and duration can be carefully controlled. This often coincides with poor atmospheric ventilation, leading to a buildup of smoke, which can impact air quality and human health. The low intensity of these burns also means that the plume is less buoyant and the main impact on local populations is due to emissions during the slow and prolonged smoldering combustion of heavy fuels. This study presents emission measurements of PM 2.5 at prescribed burns in eucalypt forests of southern Australia using a smoke collection method suitable for both flaming combustion of fine fuels and residual smoldering combustion of heavy fuels and logs. The median PM 2.5 emission factors (EFs) measured were 16.9-g/kg fuel during flaming combustion and 38.8-g/kg fuel during smoldering combustion. The correlation between PM 2.5 EFs and modified combustion efficiency highlights two distinct trends at low modified combustion efficiency, attributed to the distinct combustion processes of glowing char combustion and pyrolysis. Hence, two distinct relationships were developed that best fitted the measurements and that can be used to extrapolate measured EFs to a wider range of fuel and burning conditions. The results from this study addressed a gap in our knowledge of particle emissions during burns in eucalypt forests under different burning conditions and help to better forecast and manage air quality impacts from prescribed burns on nearby communities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Ground‐Based Field Measurements of PM_2.5 Emission Factors From Flaming and Smoldering Combustion in Eucalypt Forests

et al. 2018

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“…However, such validations are still desirable to perform, and so an alternative approach for OLI-based FRP retrieval was developed, based on the type of Planck function fitting used within the VIIRS NightFire algorithm of [20]. Planck function fitting has been used before with nighttime OLI data, for example to identify regions of flaming and smouldering combustion in peat and forest fires by [60], and similar approaches were used with airborne data of fires by [61]. The primary advantage is that the fit can avoid use of OLI bands whose radiances are higher than L MAX , enabling the exploitation of only accurately recorded signals.…”

Section: Conflicts Of Interestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shortwave IR Adaption of the Mid-Infrared Radiance Method of Fire Radiative Power (FRP) Retrieval for Assessing Industrial Gas Flaring Output

Fisher

Wooster

2018

Remote Sensing

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The radiative power (MW) output of a gas flare is a useful metric from which the rate of methane combustion and carbon dioxide emission can be inferred for inventorying purposes and regular global surveys based on such assessments are now being used to keep track of global gas flare reduction efforts. Several multispectral remote sensing techniques to estimate gas flare radiative power output have been developed for use in such surveys and single band approaches similar to those long used for the estimation of landscape fire radiative power output (FRP) can also be applied. The MIR-Radiance method, now used for FRP retrieval within the MODIS active fire products, is one such single band approach-but its applicability to gas flare targets (which are significantly hotter than vegetation fires) has not yet been assessed. Here we show that the MIR-Radiance approach is in fact not immediately suitable for retrieval of gas flare FRP due to their higher combustion temperatures but that switching to use data from a SWIR (rather than MWIR) spectral channel once again enables the method to deliver unbiased FRP retrievals. Over an assumed flaring temperature range of 1600-2200 K we find a maximum FRP error of ±13.6% when using SWIR observations at 1.6 µm and ±6.3% when using observations made at 2.2 µm. Comparing these retrievals to those made by the multispectral VIIRS 'NightFire' algorithm (based on Planck Function fits to the multispectral signals) we find excellent agreement (bias = 0.5 MW, scatter = 1.6 MW). An important implication of the availability of this new SWIR radiance method for gas flare analysis is the potential to apply it to long time-series from older and/or more spectrally limited instruments, unsuited to the use of multispectral algorithms. This includes the ATSR series of sensors operating between 1991-2012 on the ERS-1, ERS-2 and ENVISAT satellites and such long-term data can be used with the SWIR-Radiance method to identify key trends in global gas flaring that have occurred over the last few decades.

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“…Gaudichet et al (1995) suggested that the presence of K could be used to differentiate biomass emissions from fossil fuel emissions. Support for such differentiation was provided by Amici et al (2011) who used hyperspectral imaging to confirm that K emission was a characteristic of open flames from biomass burning.…”

Section: Open Burningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outputs: Potassium Losses from Agricultural Systems

Goulding

Murrell

Mikkelsen

et al. 2020

Improving Potassium Recommendations for Agricultural Crops

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Potassium (K) outputs comprise removals in harvested crops and losses via a number of pathways. No specific environmental issues arise from K losses to the wider environment, and so they have received little attention. Nevertheless, K is very soluble and so can be leached to depth or to surface waters. Also, because K is bound to clays and organic materials, and adsorbed K is mostly associated with fine soil particles, it can be eroded with particulate material in runoff water and by strong winds. It can also be lost when crop residues are burned in the open. Losses represent a potential economic cost to farmers and reduce soil nutritional status for plant growth. The pathways of loss and their relative importance can be related to: (a) the general characteristics of the agricultural ecosystem (tropical or temperate regions, cropping or grazing, tillage management, interactions with other nutrients such as nitrogen); (b) the specific characteristics of the agricultural ecosystem such as soil mineralogy, texture, initial soil K status, sources of K applied (organic, inorganic), and rates and timing of fertilizer applications. This chapter provides an overview of the main factors affecting K removals in crops and losses through runoff, leaching, erosion, and open burning.

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Multi-resolution spectral analysis of wildfire potassium emission signatures using laboratory, airborne and spaceborne remote sensing

Cited by 27 publications

References 39 publications

Ground‐Based Field Measurements of PM_2.5 Emission Factors From Flaming and Smoldering Combustion in Eucalypt Forests

Ground‐Based Field Measurements of PM_2.5 Emission Factors From Flaming and Smoldering Combustion in Eucalypt Forests

Shortwave IR Adaption of the Mid-Infrared Radiance Method of Fire Radiative Power (FRP) Retrieval for Assessing Industrial Gas Flaring Output

Outputs: Potassium Losses from Agricultural Systems

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Multi-resolution spectral analysis of wildfire potassium emission signatures using laboratory, airborne and spaceborne remote sensing

Cited by 27 publications

References 39 publications

Ground‐Based Field Measurements of PM2.5 Emission Factors From Flaming and Smoldering Combustion in Eucalypt Forests

Ground‐Based Field Measurements of PM2.5 Emission Factors From Flaming and Smoldering Combustion in Eucalypt Forests

Shortwave IR Adaption of the Mid-Infrared Radiance Method of Fire Radiative Power (FRP) Retrieval for Assessing Industrial Gas Flaring Output

Outputs: Potassium Losses from Agricultural Systems

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Ground‐Based Field Measurements of PM_2.5 Emission Factors From Flaming and Smoldering Combustion in Eucalypt Forests

Ground‐Based Field Measurements of PM_2.5 Emission Factors From Flaming and Smoldering Combustion in Eucalypt Forests