Multi-residue pesticide analysis (gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry detection)—Improvement of the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method for dried fruits and fat-rich cereals—Benefit and limit of a standardized apple purée calibration (screening)

Rasche, Claudia; Fournes, Britta; Dirks, Uwe; Speer, Karl

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2015.05.030

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Besides that, other matrices in which the QuEChERS method has been less applied are dried fruits (which are nutritionally equivalent to fresh fruits in smaller serving sizes), probably as a result of their low water content and high amount of sugars. In fact, the number of previous works in which pesticides have been analyzed in dried fruits is really scarce . As an example, Liu et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of pesticides in dried minor tropical fruits from Colombia using the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe method‐gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Varela-Martínez

González‐Curbelo

González‐Sálamo

2020

J of Separation Science

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The AOAC 2007.1 quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe official method, together with gas chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was applied for the analysis of 38 multiclass pesticides from dried fruits typically cultivated and exported from Colombia: uchuva (Physalis peruviana), lulo (Solanum quitoense), guanabana (Anona muricata), and pitahaya (Hylocereus undatus). The whole method was validated in terms of matrix‐matched calibration, matrix effect, and recovery using atrazine‐d5 as internal standard, triphenylphosphate for quality control of the injection, and a proper mixture of analytes protectants. Matrix‐matched calibration data were found satisfactory for all pesticides and dried fruits, reporting R2 values above 0.99. Matrix effect values evidenced the existence of such effect in most cases. The applied procedure gave satisfactory recovery percentages (70–120%) and relative standard deviation values (< 20%) for 92% of the 456 combinations pesticide/fruit studied (spiked levels of 25, 200, and 400 µg/kg). Finally, 20 real dried fruit samples were analyzed and residues of tebuconazole were found in two samples of uchuva at a concentration below the lowest calibration level of the method for one of them and at 10.8 ± 1.6 µg/kg for the other, being below or similar to the general maximum residue level established for monitoring purposes in food applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… applied an unbuffered version of the QuEChERS method prior to GC–MS to determine 29 pesticides in dried red peppers, while Rasche et al. applied the QuEChERS CEN 15662 method to three dried fruits (raisins, apples, and blackcurrant) prior to their determination by GC–MS/MS. Rutkowska et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of pesticides in dried minor tropical fruits from Colombia using the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe method‐gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Varela-Martínez

González‐Curbelo

González‐Sálamo

2020

J of Separation Science

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“…The use of GCB can reduce recoveries of some pesticides including planar pesticides such as carbendazim, coumaphos, and other pesticides including prochloraz, boscalid, and pyraclostrobin due to strong absorption onto GCB [14]. The use of 25% toluene solution (v/v) can desorb planar pesticides and improve recoveries.…”

Section: Modified Quechers Procedures and Dispersive Solid Phase Extrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the sample has a low water content, a wetting step is often used; however, if the sample matrix has a high fat content such as wheat flour (5 mg/mL extract) and wheat germ (45 mg/mL) then removing this wetting step (using the Ultra Turrax) will avoid the potential for target analytes such as OCs and pyrethroids to partition into the fatty layer that can form when water is present [14]. QuEChERS method has also been used with a freeze-out step prior to dSPE with PSA for sample matrices with higher levels of co-extracts including lipids (or waxes and sugars) such as wheat flour and citrus extracts [18].…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The addition of protectants including 3-ethoxy-1,2-propanediol and D-sorbitol prior to GC-MS/MS analysis can also minimize strong interactions of target analytes and matrix with the injector liner or GC column [14,15,21]. Re-acidifying extracts after cleanup with acetic or formic acid have also been used to improve peak shapes and response for GC-MS or LC-MS/ MS methods and protect analytes that are sensitive to degradation at high pH [18].…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sample Preparation Methods for Pesticide Analysis in Food Commodities, Biological and Environment Matrices

Raina‐Fulton¹,

Xie²

2017

Ideas and Applications Toward Sample Preparation for Food and Beverage Analysis

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This chapter focuses on sample preparation procedures for pesticide analysis of food commodities, biological and environmental matrices. This will include pesticides with a broad range of polarity including those that are more amenable to gas chromatographymass spectrometry (organochlorines, organophosphorus pesticides, and pyrethroids) and those commonly analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (carbamates, azole, and strobilurin fungicides, and phenylureas as well as organophosphorus pesticides). QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) methods or QuEChERS methods with modifications to allow wetting of the dry sample matrix, buffering, changing extraction solvent from acetonitrile to ethyl acetate are examined. Subsequent cleanup using dispersive solid phase extraction or cartridge format solid phase extraction has also been completed to reduce matrix effects. Other solid matrices are frequently extracted with pressurized liquid extraction, microwave assisted extraction, or ultrasonic extraction combined with or followed by dispersive solid phase extraction or solid phase extraction. Particularly for chromatography-mass spectrometry, careful consideration of matrix effects needs to be made when considering the design of the sample preparation procedures. Selection of extraction solvent needs to consider both polarity of target analytes (and their solubility in selected solvents) as well as co-extracted matrix components.

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Simultaneous determination of 106 pesticides in nuts by LC–MS/MS using freeze‐out combined with dispersive solid‐phase extraction purification

Wang

Gong

Zhang

et al. 2017

J of Separation Science

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As a result of the low water content and high fat matrices in nuts, it is very difficult to simultaneously determine multi-pesticides in trace levels. Here, a sample pretreatment method was developed in which, microwave-assisted solvent extraction was firstly used to extract pesticides, and then a two-step cleanup method was conducted combining freeze-out with dispersive solid-phase extraction to remove the lipidic matrix. By this way, 106 pesticides were simultaneously determined in the complicated nut sample by using an ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography coupled with a tandem mass spectrometer. Average recoveries were 75.3-119.3% with relative standard deviations < 14% at three concentration levels. The limits of detection and quantification were in the ranges of 0.3-3.0 and 1.0-10.0 μg/kg, respectively. Furthermore, the method was successfully applied to the determination of pesticides in 180 commercial nut samples.

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Multi-residue pesticide analysis (gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry detection)—Improvement of the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method for dried fruits and fat-rich cereals—Benefit and limit of a standardized apple purée calibration (screening)

Cited by 33 publications

References 9 publications

Determination of pesticides in dried minor tropical fruits from Colombia using the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe method‐gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Determination of pesticides in dried minor tropical fruits from Colombia using the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe method‐gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Sample Preparation Methods for Pesticide Analysis in Food Commodities, Biological and Environment Matrices

Simultaneous determination of 106 pesticides in nuts by LC–MS/MS using freeze‐out combined with dispersive solid‐phase extraction purification

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