Multi-pumping in flow analysis: concepts, instrumentation, potentialities

Lapa, Rui A. S.; Lima, José L.F.C.; Reis, Boaventura F.; Santos, João L.M.; Zagatto, Elias A.G.

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00514-7

Cited by 201 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The initial focus was on the improvement of analytical performance (mainly sampling rate and precision) of classical analytical methods. 15,18,54 The 2 nd trend was exploitation of unconventional processes, such as incomplete derivatizations 8,32 and partial extractions (e.g., dialysis 55 or gas-diffusion), 56 whereas the 3 rd focus was on proposal of new flow modalities, such as sequential injection analysis (SIA), 57 multicommutation, 11 multipumping, 42 flow-batch analysis, 12 multisyringe flow injection analysis, 58 with some advantages and similarities. The 4 th group will probably involve the same trends highlighted in modern analytical chemistry, with emphasis on miniaturization, green chemistry, novel strategies for microextractions, chemical speciation, bioanalysis, and analytical solutions devoted to complex samples (or complex analytical problems).…”

Section: Looking Forward: Research Perspectives On Flow Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow Analysis: Looking Back and Forward

Rocha¹

2018

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Flow analysis changed significantly the way of performing chemical analysis by (i) mechanization of analytical procedures in a continuous flowing stream with minimal sample intercontamination; (ii) analytical measurements without attaining chemical equilibria, thus increasing the applicability of kinetic methods and allowing the exploitation of non-quantitative processes; (iii) exploitation of concentration gradients and (iv) use of unstable reagents or measurement of unstable products. Flow-based procedures are generally characterized by high sample throughput, improved precision, minimized waste generation, and often better selectivity. The performance of detection systems is usually improved because of the in-line sample conditioning and measurements under reproductive dynamic conditions and timing. However, after achieving several innovations, perspectives for further developments have been questioned mainly because of the recent decrease in the number of publications on flow analysis. The aim of this review is then to discuss the impact of flow-based methods on chemical analysis, emphasizing recent applications and developments, including miniaturization, bioanalysis, microextractions, green analytical chemistry and synergic hyphenation with other techniques and processes. The author's personal view about research perspectives in the field is also presented.

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Section: Looking Forward: Research Perspectives On Flow Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow Analysis: Looking Back and Forward

Rocha¹

2018

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…Lapa et al 21 proposed in 2002 a new flow technique based on the use of solenoid micro pumps. The use of solenoid pumps as propelling devices for FIA had been already explored by Weeks and Johnson, 22 however the proposed use of the solenoid pumps was rather ancillary and sample injection was carried out in the traditional way by means of a six-port rotary valve, while in the paper by Lapa et al emphasis was put in the design of a complete system based on a network of several micro pumps independently controlled by a computer program.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Cost Analyzer for the Determination of Phosphorus Based on Open-Source Hardware and Pulsed Flows

2016

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The need for automated analyzers for industrial and environmental samples has triggered the research for new and cost-effective strategies of automation and control of analytical systems. The widespread availability of open-source hardware together with novel analytical methods based on pulsed flows have opened the possibility of implementing standalone automated analytical systems at low cost. Among the areas that can benefit from this approach are the analysis of industrial products and effluents and environmental analysis. In this work, a multi-pumping flow system is proposed for the determination of phosphorus in effluents and polluted water samples. The system employs photometric detection based on the formation of molybdovanadophosphoric acid, and the fluidic circuit is built using three solenoid micropumps. The detection is implemented with a low cost LED-photodiode photometric detection system and the whole system is controlled by an open-source Arduino Uno microcontroller board. The optimization of the timing to ensure the color development and the pumping cycle is discussed for the proposed implementation. Experimental results to evaluate the system behavior are presented verifying a linear relationship between the relative absorbance and the phosphorus concentrations for levels as high as 50 mg L -1 .

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“…Nowadays, reagents solutions can be saved and waste reduced by employing flow manifolds based on sequential injection analysis (SIA) 13 or multicommuted flow injection analyses (MCFIA) 14 and multi-pumping approach. 15 In the MCFIA approach, a set of solenoid valves are assembled to work as independent commutation devices requiring an external device to propel solutions. In the multi-pumping approach the flow systems comprised a set of solenoid micropumps, controlled by computer to deliver samples of solution of constant volume.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the multi-pumping approach the flow systems comprised a set of solenoid micropumps, controlled by computer to deliver samples of solution of constant volume. 15 In these systems, different flow rates should be easily achieved by varying the on/off switching pattern of the micro-pumps using a similar electronic hardware to that usually employed in multicommutation. This characteristic facilitates the construction of set-ups with small dimensions suitable for in situ use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-pumping mechanised determination of selenium in natural waters by light emitting diode (LED) spectrometry

Fernandes¹,

Reis²,

Morales‐Rubio³

et al. 2009

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Um procedimento para determinação de selênio em águas, completamente mecanizado, foi desenvolvido empregando um fotômetro baseado em LED e mini-bombas solenóide como dispositivos de propulsão. O método proposto é baseado na reação de selênio com iodeto de potássio em meio ácido para liberar iodo, o qual oxida a variamina azul formando um composto violeta que absorve em 530 nm. O sistema foi mecanizado empregando o processo de multicomutação em fluxo e uma estratégia de parada de fluxo na etapa final para desenvolvimento da reação. A curva analítica foi linear entre as concentrações de 0,010 a 0,500 mg L , respectivamente. A freqüência de amostragem foi de 23 determinações por hora, e a exatidão foi de 95% de probabilidade.It has been developed a fully mechanised procedure for the determination of selenium in waters employing a LED based spectrometer and solenoid multi-pumps as solution propelling devices. The proposed method is based on the reaction of selenium with potassium iodide in an acidic medium to liberate iodine, which oxidizes Variamine Blue to form a violet-colour species which absorb at 530 nm. The system was mechanised using the multicommutation process and a stopped flow strategy in the final step reaction. The analytical curve was linear between 0.010 and 0.500 mg L . The relative standard deviation for Se solutions of 0.050 and 0.200 mg L -1 (n = 4) were 1.6 and 1.8% respectively, the sampling throughput was 23 determinations per hour, and accuracy was 95% probability level.

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Multi-pumping in flow analysis: concepts, instrumentation, potentialities

Cited by 201 publications

References 16 publications

Flow Analysis: Looking Back and Forward

Flow Analysis: Looking Back and Forward

Low Cost Analyzer for the Determination of Phosphorus Based on Open-Source Hardware and Pulsed Flows

Multi-pumping mechanised determination of selenium in natural waters by light emitting diode (LED) spectrometry

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