Multi-proxy records of regionally-sourced tsunamis, New Zealand

The first geological record of a palaeotsunami on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, Poland

“…15A). Such fea tures have been re corded in tsu nami events around the world (Dawson, 1994;Hindson et al, 1996;Clague et al, 2000;Dawson and Shi, 2000;Goff et al, 2001;Pe ters et al, 2001;Hori et al, 2007;Jaffe and Gelfenbaum, 2007;Kortegas and Dawson, 2007;Moore et al, 2007;Pe ters et al, 2007;Choowong et al, 2008;Smith et al, 2007;Goff et al, 2010;Peter son and Cruikshank, 2011).…”

“…The thick ness of the TD var ies from 0.23 m to 3.05 m and av er ages 1.09 m, which is sig nif i cantly greater than the thick nesses of tsu nami lay ers re ported from along low-en ergy coasts around the world. Data from such coasts show that tsu nami lay ers are usu ally 1-50 cm thick and are of ten <5 cm thick (Hindson et al, 1996;Benson et al, 1997;Clague et al, 2000;Dawson and Shi, 2000;Goff et al, 2000;Smoot et al, 2000;Bryant and Nott, 2001;Scheffers and Kelletat, 2003;Jaffe and Gelfenbaum, 2007;Mor ton et al, 2007;Abrantes et al, 2008;Choowong et al, 2008;Pe ter son et al, 2008;Fujino et al, 2008;Goff et al, 2010;Pe terson and Cruikshank, 2011;Pe ter son et al, 2013). The rel a tively large thick ness of the TD at Rowy is prob a bly caused by the subsurface palaeorelief.…”

“…The rel a tively large thick ness of the TD at Rowy is prob a bly caused by the subsurface palaeorelief. Thicker (up to 2 m) tsu nami de pos its have been re ported only in ar eas of ter rain low er ing such as la goons and lakes and in front of dif fer ent ob struc tions (Clague et al, 1994a, b;Dawson, 1994;Pe ters et al, 2001;Smith et al, 2007;Vött et al, 2009;Goff et al, 2010).…”

“…Tsu nami de pos its found at dif fer ent sites around the world con tain var i ous biogenic rem nants, such as ma rine, brack ish and fresh wa ter shells pre served in their en tirety or in the form of de bris (Moore and Moore, 1988;Hindson et al, 1996;Benson et al, 1997;Witter, 1999;Clague et al, 2000;Fujiwara et al, 2000;Goff et al, 2000Goff et al, , 2001Goff et al, , 2006Goff et al, , 2010Hutchison et al, 2000;Bryant and Nott, 2001;Dominey-Howes et al, 2006;Dominey-Howes, 2007;Pe ters et al, 2007;Mamo et al, 2009;Engel and Brückner, 2011; Pe ter son and Cruikshank, 2011), valves of ma rine and brack ish di a toms and other microfossils (Clague et al, 1994aHemphill-Haley, 1996;Witter, 1999;Dawson and Shi, 2000 Clague and Bobrowsky, 1994a, b;Clague et al, 1994;Witter, 1999;Domniney-Howes et al, 2006;Pe ters et al, 2007;Goff et al, 2010). The tsu nami de pos its found at Rowy are also rich in a diverse and quan ti ta tively large ad mix ture of biogenic in con tent de rived from ma rine, brack ish and fresh wa ter en vi ron ments as well as from the ter res trial en vi ron ment.…”

“…How ever, it remains dif fi cult to rec og nize tsu nami events in the fos sil re cord be cause their dis tinc tive fea tures, which in clude both sedimento logical and geomorphologic im prints, are poorly known (Scheffers and Kelletat, 2003). To de velop a cat a logue of such fea tures, in creased field in ves ti ga tion of sed i ments de pos ited by mod ern tsu na mis as well as those that took place in his tor ical times are needed (Dawson, 1994;Dawson and Shi, 2000;Gelfenbaum and Jaffe, 2003;Scheffers and Kelletat, 2003;Dawson et al, 2004;Dawson and Stew art, 2007;Dominey --Howes, 2007;Kortegas and Dawson, 2007;Jaffe and Gelfenbaum, 2007;Mor ton et al, 2007;Choowong et al, 2008;Bourgeois, 2009;Goff et al, 2010;Engel and Brückner, 2011;Pe terson and Cruikshank, 2011). The re sults will help to 1) de tect palaeotsunami de pos its in places where the prob a bil ity of occur rence is low and their iden ti fi ca tion is of ten in ci den tal and 2) ver ify knowl edge of the fre quency and lo ca tions at which tsu namis can oc cur on a global scale be cause events clas si fied as tsu na mis con sti tute and re main a frac tion of a per cent of the events re spon si ble for coastal for ma tion in the his tor i cal re cord (Scheffers and Kelletat, 2003).…”