Multi-proxy paleosol evidence for middle and late Triassic climate trends in eastern Utah

Prochnow, Shane J.; Nordt, Lee C.; Atchley, Stacy C.; Hudec, Michael R.

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.08.011

Cited by 123 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Sedimentological, geochemical, and paleobotanical evidence indicates that the earliest known dinosaurs from the upper Carnian Ischigualasto Formation of Argentina lived in a dry seasonal climate that later fluctuated with wetter conditions during the early Norian (Moore, 2002;Shipman, 2004;Tabor et al, 2004Tabor et al, , 2006Colombi and Parrish, 2008;Currie et al, 2009). Multi-proxy evidence from the Norian Chinle Formation of western North America indicates that it was deposited under humid, wet, sub-tropical conditions during the early Norian, but that the paleoenvironment gradually became drier and more seasonal during the later Norian (e.g., Dubiel et al, 1991;Parrish, 1993;Dubiel, 1994;Prochnow et al, 2006), consistent with the northward drift of Laurasia (Kent and Tauxe, 2005). Data from northern New Mexico indicate that during the late Norian to Rhaetian the environment was semi-arid to arid, with moderate to severe fluctuations in a variety of environmental parameters (Cleveland et al, 2008a,b;Dunlavey et al, 2009).…”

Section: The Paleoenvironment Of Early Dinosaursmentioning

confidence: 99%

The origin and early radiation of dinosaurs

Brusatte

Nesbitt

Irmis

et al. 2010

Earth-Science Reviews

239

214

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Dinosaurs were remarkably successful during the Mesozoic and one subgroup, birds, remain an important component of modern ecosystems. Although the extinction of non-avian dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous has been the subject of intense debate, comparatively little attention has been given to the origin and early evolution of dinosaurs during the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic, one of the most important evolutionary radiations in earth history. Our understanding of this keystone event has dramatically changed over the past 25 years, thanks to an influx of new fossil discoveries, reinterpretations of long-ignored specimens, and quantitative macroevolutionary analyses that synthesize anatomical and geological data. Here we provide an overview of the first 50 million years of dinosaur history, with a focus on the large-scale patterns that characterize the ascent of dinosaurs from a small, almost marginal group of reptiles in the Late Triassic to the preeminent terrestrial vertebrates of the Jurassic and Cretaceous. We provide both a biological and geological background for early dinosaur history. Dinosaurs are deeply nested among the archosaurian reptiles, diagnosed by only a small number of characters, and are subdivided into a number of major lineages. The first unequivocal dinosaurs are known from the late Carnian of South America, but the presence of their sister group in the Middle Triassic implies that dinosaurs possibly originated much earlier. The three major dinosaur lineages, theropods, sauropodomorphs, and ornithischians, are all known from the Triassic, when continents were joined into the supercontinent Pangaea and global climates were hot and arid. Although many researchers have long suggested that dinosaurs outcompeted other reptile groups during the Triassic, we argue that the ascent of dinosaurs was more of a matter of contingency and opportunism. Dinosaurs were overshadowed in most Late Triassic ecosystems by crocodile-line archosaurs and showed no signs of outcompeting their rivals. Instead, the rise of dinosaurs was a two-stage process, as dinosaurs expanded in taxonomic diversity, morphological disparity, and absolute faunal abundance only after the extinction of most crocodile-line reptiles and other groups.

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Section: The Paleoenvironment Of Early Dinosaursmentioning

confidence: 99%

The origin and early radiation of dinosaurs

Brusatte

Nesbitt

Irmis

et al. 2010

Earth-Science Reviews

239

214

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“…Cli mate change at the end of the Tri as sic pe riod is usu ally ascribed to Pangea break-up as so ci ated with for ma tion of the Atlan tic oce anic rift when Cen tral At lan tic Mag matic Prov ince (CAMP) vol ca noes re leased large amounts of CO 2 and/or methane (Beerling and Royer, 2002;Prochnow et al, 2006;Berner and Beerling, 2007;Co hen and Coe, 2007;Hori et al, 2007;Bonis et al, 2010;Preto et al, 2010) into the at mo sphere. Bi otic ex tinc tion at the end of the Tri as sic (McRoberts, 1994;McRoberts et al, 1997;Pálfy et al, 2001;Hautmann, 2004;Ward et al, 2004Ward et al, , 2007Huynh and Poulsen, 2005;McElwain and Punyasena, 2007) was prob a bly caused by this cli mate change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The in ten sity of weath er ing, the com po si tion of the par ent rocks and the sed i ment prov e nance of the ma te rial can be in dicated by means of chem i cal anal y sis, par tic u larly by ra tios of ma jor el e ments and by trace el e ment dis tri bu tion (Murray et al, 1992;Cullers, 2000;Price and Velbel, 2003;Mongelli et al, 2006;Prochnow et al, 2006;Ohta and Arai, 2007;Shel don and Ta bor, 2009;Galbarczyk-G¹siorowska, 2010). The spe cific distri bu tion of REE known from ter res trial de pos its and palaeosols may act as an an other in di ca tor of cli mate as well as of sed i mentary con di tions (e.g., Nesbit et al, 1990;Condie,1993;Hannigan and Sholkovitz, 2001;Haley et al, 2004;Shields and Webb, 2004;Ounis et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latest Triassic climate humidification and kaolinite formation (Western Carpathians, Tatric Unit of the Tatra Mts)

Lintnerová¹,

Michalı́k²,

Uhlík³

et al. 2013

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The Tomanová For ma tion, of Rhaetian age, over ly ing the Norian Carpathian Keuper in the Tatra Mts. is built of cy clic parasequences of mudstones and sand stones. Quartz (15 to 70 wt.%), kaolinite (13 to 46 wt.%) and 2:1 Al dioctahedral phyllosilicates (dioct 2:1: mus co vite, illite, illite/smectite: 5 to 39 wt.%) rep re sent the ma jor min eral phase. The kaolinite/dioct 2:1 ra tio de creases up wards in the sec tion (from 4.3 to 0.5) and sig nals vari abil ity in weath er ing/ero sion in ten sity and changing wa ter sa lin ity. Ma jor and trace el e ments (LILE, HSFS, REE) in di cate a uni form source -fel sic rocks lo cated prob a bly in the Vindelician High lands. The sed i men ta tion rate (83 mm/ky) was con trolled by cli mate. Al ter na tion of dry and hu mid pe riods is refered by sed i men tary tex tures and by ma tu rity of quartz (ae olian vs. flu vial grains), and or ganic mat ter con tent and com po si tion (C org and d 13 C org ). Authigenic sid er ite or bethierine doc u ments wet and re duced con di tions in the up per part of the Tomanová For ma tion. The sedimention rate of the ma rine Dudzinec For ma tion at tained 25 mm/ka and the char ac ter of cy cles pre served in the se quence is sim i lar as that of the Tomanová For ma tion (fin ing up wards parasequences). How ever, the dif fer ent clay min er al ogy, the re cy cled char ac ter of the sil i cates, the dif fer ent d 13 C org and el e vated imput of car bon ate detri tus with spe cific C and O iso to pic pat terns doc u ment a dis con ti nu ity in the sec tion. The transgressive char ac ter of the Dudzinec Fm. was de duced from the strati graphic dis tri bu tion and en vi ron men tal char ac ter is tics of the ben thic foraminifera pres ent. Involutinids and spirillinids dom i nate in the lower part, endothyrinids gov ern the mid dle part, and in the up per part nodosariids and Ammodiscus-type micro fauna oc cur. These age-di ag nos tic microfossils in di cate a late Rhaetian age. Sea level rise in the Tatric Zone trig gered by ther mal ex pan sion of the Cen tral At lan tic Rift was grad ual, be ing af fected by in put of ter res trial clastic sed i ment both by fresh wa ter and by wind. The Tatric Tri as sic se quence in the West ern Carpathians helps un der stand ing of the de vel op ment of sed i men ta tion, palaeoclimate (kaolinite weath er ing), and palaeo ge ogra phy of the north ern most Tethyan Do main.

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“…A figura 10 representa as diferentes relações possíveis entre os horizontes pedológicos e a dinâmica sedimentar, ora com predomínio da pedogênese, ora com predomínio da sedimentação. Nessa escala de trabalho, alguns autores (Atkinson, 1986;Prochnow et al, 2005Prochnow et al, , 2006Tabor et al, 2006) estão trabalhando com "paleocatenas" em materiais pré-quaternários, indicando a sequência típica de paleossolos em determinadas situações. Apesar de esses casos estudados significarem importante contribuição, esses trabalhos não são comuns, pois raramente encontramse sequências contínuas de exposição para esse tipo de análise.…”

Section: Identificação De Paleossolosunclassified

Solos do passado: origem e identificação

Ladeira

2010

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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RESUMOSolos resultam da interação de fatores e processos operantes nas diferentes paisagens da superfície terrestre. Ao longo do tempo geológico, essas paisagens se modificam, bem como os perfis de solo a elas associados. Decorrentes de processos eólicos, hídricos, tectônicos, climáticos ou mesmo da atividade antrópica, essas mudanças remodelam a paisagem de forma gradual ou catastrófica e, geralmente, irreversível, destruindo os solos associados. Entretanto, determinadas situações permitem que os solos sejam originalmente preservados em áreas específicas dessa paisagem pretérita, incorporando-se a sequências sedimentares ou vulcânicas, gerando os denominados paleossolos. Estes fornecem informações e evidências valiosas em estudos de reconstituições paleoambientais, principalmente quando o registro fossilífero é raro ou inexistente, na caracterização de antigas atmosferas e paleoclimas, de correlações estratigráficas, como indicativo de antigas superfícies de relevo, de certas concentrações minerais, de paleoprocessos pedogenéticos, processos sedimentares, como indicativo de deriva continental, na geoarqueologia. No Brasil, pesquisas envolvendo paleossolos são ainda relativamente raras e recentes, cujo marco inicial data da década de 1970, ao passo que nos Estados Unidos e na Europa pesquisas em que os paleossolos constituem o cerne da investigação ou possuem papel de destaque estão bastante avançadas e disseminadas. Esta revisão trata dos conceitos básicos da paleopedologia, objetivando despertar o interesse, no meio científico pedológico, para esse tema ainda pouco explorado no País.

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Multi-proxy paleosol evidence for middle and late Triassic climate trends in eastern Utah

Cited by 123 publications

References 36 publications

The origin and early radiation of dinosaurs

The origin and early radiation of dinosaurs

Latest Triassic climate humidification and kaolinite formation (Western Carpathians, Tatric Unit of the Tatra Mts)

Solos do passado: origem e identificação

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