Multi-proxy dating the ‘Millennium Eruption’ of Changbaishan to late 946 CE

Oppenheimer, Clive; Wacker, Lukas; Xu, Jian; Galván, J. Diego; Stoffel, Markus; Guillet, Sèbastien; Corona, Christophe; Sigl, Michael; Cosmo, Nicola Di; Hajdas, Irka; Pan, Bo; Breuker, Remco; Schneider, Lea; Esper, Jan; Fei, Jie; Hammond, James; Büntgen, Ulf

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.12.024

Cited by 149 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The MBV has experienced one of the largest Holocene (~946 Common Era (C.E.)) eruptions and recent unrest from 2002 to 2005 [Horn and Schmincke, 2000;Wei et al, 2007;Xu et al, 2012;Oppenheimer et al, 2017]. Despite the evidence of shallow volcanic activities, the lithospheric magmatic structures and their development are still enigmatic due to conflicting observations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic constraints on magma evolution beneath Mount Baekdu (Changbai) volcano from transdimensional Bayesian inversion of ambient noise data

2017

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The magmatic process of continental intraplate volcanism (CIV) is difficult to understand due to heterogeneous interactions with the crust and the lithospheric upper mantle. Mount Baekdu (Changbai) volcano (MBV) is one of the prominent CIVs in northeast Asia that has shown a complex history of eruptions and associated magmatic structures. In addition, the relationship between the crustal magmatic structures and upper mantle phenomena are enigmatic due to the lack of consistent seismic constraints for the lithospheric structure. To enhance comprehensive understanding of the MBV magma evolution, we image the lithospheric structure beneath the MBV and surrounding regions using ambient noise data and the following two approaches: (1) multiple measures of ambient noise dispersion are acquired through different methods and (2) a transdimensional Bayesian inversion method is utilized to obtain unbiased results in joint analysis of the multiple data sets. The estimated Earth structure shows a thick crust (~40 km) and a crustal anomaly with relatively high S wave velocity in the depth range 20–40 km. This type of structure extends to ~100 km north from the MBV and is accompanied by the shallow and rapid S wave velocity decrease beneath the mantle lid (~80 km). Through a comparison with previous P wave models, we interpret this structure as a consequence of compositional partitioning by mafic underplating and overlying cooled felsic layers as a result of fractional crystalization.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic constraints on magma evolution beneath Mount Baekdu (Changbai) volcano from transdimensional Bayesian inversion of ambient noise data

2017

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“…() verified the method proposed by Oppenheimer et al . () and reproduced the dating of winter AD 946 for the Millennium Eruption by measuring 14 C in the tree rings (combined with ring counting) from another wood sample buried during the same eruption. The authors considered that the new method provided new opportunities for difficult‐to‐date ancient woods (originating from earthquakes or volcano eruptions) by common dendrochronology techniques.…”

Section: Advances In Accelerator‐based Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“… and references therein) has been used to establish a new dating method named carbon‐14 spike matching by Oppenheimer et al . (). The authors identified a radiocarbon peak in a subfossil tree resulting from one of the largest volcanic eruptions of the Common Era, the ‘Millennium Eruption’ of Changbaishan and were able to constrain the date of the eruption to late AD 946 by reanalysing a Greenland ice core.…”

Section: Advances In Accelerator‐based Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

GGR Biennial Critical Review: Analytical Developments Since 2014

Linge

Bèdard

Bugoi

et al. 2017

Geostandard Geoanalytic Res

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This GGR biennial critical review covers developments and innovations in key analytical methods published since January 2014, relevant to the chemical, isotopic and crystallographic characterisation of geological and environmental materials. In nine selected analytical fields, publications considered to be of wide significance are summarised, background information is provided and their importance evaluated. In addition to instrumental technologies, this review also presents a summary of new developments in the preparation and characterisation of rock, microanalytical and isotopic reference materials, including a précis of recent changes and revisions to ISO guidelines for reference material characterisation and reporting. Selected reports are provided of isotope ratio analyses by both solution-nebulisation MC-ICP-MS and laser ablation-ICP-MS, as well as of radioactive isotope geochronology by LA-ICP-MS. Most of the analytical techniques elaborated continue to provide new applications for geochemical analysis, however it is noted that instrumental neutron activation analysis has become less popular in recent years, mostly due to the reduced availability of nuclear reactors to act as a neutron source. Many of the newer applications reported here provide analysis at increasingly finer resolution. Examples include atom probe tomography, a very sensitive method providing atomic scale information, nanoscale SIMS, for isotopic imaging of geological and biological samples, and micro-XRF, which has a spatial resolution many orders of magnitude smaller than conventional XRF

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“…The correlations of the Qixiangzhan comendite, YC162 tephra, and SG14‐1058 in Lake Suigetsu at least implies that the QEA was mainly transported to the southeast of Changbaishan volcano (Figure ). The similarity in the distribution of the ME and QE tephras may indicate that the QEA was also predominantly transported to the east of Changbaishan volcano, and the eruption season of QE may be in line with that of ME (autumn to winter), assuming a similar early Holocene weather pattern (i.e., wind direction) with that today (Oppenheimer et al, ). The high concentration of QEA glass recorded in Lake Suigetsu (>5,000 shards per gram of sediment; McLean et al, ) strongly suggests that the QEA may be dispersed in a wider area than the present modest estimated distribution of this study (Figure ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the Holocene, Changbaishan volcano experienced historical eruptions at around 1403 CE, 1668 CE, 1702 CE, and 1903 CE, the ME at 946 CE, and the pre‐ME event at ~4 kyr (Oppenheimer et al, ; Sun et al, ; Wei et al, ; Yang et al, ). When considering the previous dating results for the Qixiangzhan comendite (Table ), the controversial QE also might be considered as a Holocene eruption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ash From the Changbaishan Qixiangzhan Eruption: A New Early Holocene Marker Horizon Across East Asia

et al. 2018

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Prehistoric Holocene eruptions of Changbaishan volcano in Northeast China are poorly dated, with the exception of the 946 CE Millennium eruption. Poorly refined age estimates for the earlier eruptions present problems for the reconstruction of the eruptive history of the volcano. The Qixiangzhan eruption (QE) is a major controversial event in terms of its eruptive timing (ranging from ~88 to ~4 kyr) and style (effusive or explosive). As a result of the imprecise age estimates for the eruption, a geomagnetic field excursion recorded within the QE comendite has been variably correlated with a number of different excursion events observed elsewhere. In this study, a visible early Holocene tephra was identified in Yuanchi Lake, ~30 km east of the Changbaishan volcanic vent, and was dated to 8831‐8100 cal yr BP using Bayesian age modelling. Glass shard compositions enable the correlation of this tephra with the poorly dated QE, as well as with a tephra (SG14‐1058) recorded in Lake Suigetsu, in central Japan. These correlations confirm that the QE was explosive and that the ash from the QE can serve as an important early Holocene marker bed across East Asia. In addition, we propose an age of ~8100 cal yr BP for the QE based on the precise date of the Suigetsu SG14‐1058 tephra. Our results also confirm that the geomagnetic field excursion recorded in the Qixiangzhan comendite dates to ~8100 cal yr BP.

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Multi-proxy dating the ‘Millennium Eruption’ of Changbaishan to late 946 CE

Cited by 149 publications

References 46 publications

Seismic constraints on magma evolution beneath Mount Baekdu (Changbai) volcano from transdimensional Bayesian inversion of ambient noise data

Seismic constraints on magma evolution beneath Mount Baekdu (Changbai) volcano from transdimensional Bayesian inversion of ambient noise data

GGR Biennial Critical Review: Analytical Developments Since 2014

Ash From the Changbaishan Qixiangzhan Eruption: A New Early Holocene Marker Horizon Across East Asia

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