Multi-Product Firms and Product Variety

Churn Versus Diversion in Antitrust: An Illustrative Model

“… Recent applications that use variants of the spokes model include, for example, Caminal (), Caminal and Granero (), Germanoa and Meier (), Rhodes () and Reggiani (). Our formulation here is more closely related to the static version of the dynamic model in Somaini and Einav (). …”

On the Price Effects of Horizontal Mergers: A Theoretical Interpretation

“…Our results contribute to the rapidly flourishing literature on the spokes model as a tool for analysis of multi‐firm differentiated product competition . In this context Caminal and Granero (), who analyse the role of multi‐product firms in supplying variety, is the closest paper to ours. They consider a continuous approximation of the model in which a multi‐product firm competes against a fringe.…”

“…They consider a continuous approximation of the model in which a multi‐product firm competes against a fringe. In our paper, a merger also results in constituting a multi‐product firm; however, differently from Caminal and Granero (), we consider all four equilibrium regions that characterize the spokes model. Moreover, we focus on the price effects of a merger rather than on the market provision of variety.…”

‘Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free’: Informational Shocks With Anonymous Online Platforms

“…I based my model on the 'spokes' model of non-localised horizontal competition, which is an extension of Hotelling. Its general properties are discussed in the seminal paper by Chen and Riordan (2007) and in Reggiani (2020), and it has been used in a wide and heterogeneous set of environments (see Caminal and Claici, 2007;Caminal and Granero, 2012;Germano and Meier, 2013;Reggiani, 2014;Mantovani and Ruiz-Aliseda, 2016). 4 I depart from the original setting in several respects: two selling channels are active (online and offline) and, crucially, consumers' information set, which depends on the selling channel, is never perfect.…”