Multi-photon excitation microscopy

Diaspro, Alberto; Bianchini, Paolo; Vicidomini, Giuseppe; Faretta, Mario; Ramoino, Paola; Usai, Cesare

doi:10.1186/1475-925x-5-36

Cited by 150 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…[24][25][26][27] Experimental applications are particularly prevalent in biological studies, where they afford a capability for imaging to subcellular resolution, with limited photo-damage, and without any need to suppress light scattering. [28][29][30][31][32] One of the most appealing features of multiphoton-induced imaging is its adaptability, and the fact that the associated instrumentation is also often well suited to additional means of sample interrogation. Commonly used, complementary modes of measurement include second-harmonic generation, sumfrequency generation, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, and Raman spectroscopy-all are frequently combined with multiphoton fluorescence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A molecular theory for two-photon and three-photon fluorescence polarization

Leeder

Andrews

2011

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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In the analysis of molecular structure and local order in heterogeneous samples, multiphoton excitation of fluorescence affords chemically specific information and high-resolution imaging. This report presents the results of an investigation that secures a detailed theoretical representation of the fluorescence polarization produced by one-, two-, and three-photon excitations, with orientational averaging procedures being deployed to deliver the fully disordered limits. The equations determining multiphoton fluorescence response prove to be expressible in a relatively simple, generic form, and graphs exhibit the functional form of the multiphoton fluorescence polarization. Amongst other features, the results lead to the identification of a condition under which the fluorescence produced through the concerted absorption of any number of photons becomes completely unpolarized. It is also shown that the angular variation of fluorescence intensities is reliable indicator of orientational disorder.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A molecular theory for two-photon and three-photon fluorescence polarization

Leeder

Andrews

2011

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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“…We finally anticipate that the proposed method is fundamental when gCW-STED microscopy is combined with twophoton-excitation (2PE) (see Supplementary Information for details about the gated 2PE-CW-STED microscope, Suppl. Figure 5, where, due to the small 2PE cross-section, the fluorescence signal is particularly weak [12]. Even if we shifted the STED beam wavelength to 577 nm, the resolution enhancement expected from 2PE-gCW-STED becomes relevant only when we applied the proposed filter (see Figure 4).…”

Section: Biophotonicsmentioning

confidence: 94%

A new filtering technique for removing anti‐Stokes emission background in gated CW‐STED microscopy

Hernández

Peres

Zanacchi

et al. 2014

Journal of Biophotonics

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Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy is a prominent approach of super‐resolution optical microscopy, which allows cellular imaging with so far unprecedented unlimited spatial resolution. The introduction of time‐gated detection in STED microscopy significantly reduces the (instantaneous) intensity required to obtain sub‐diffraction spatial resolution. If the time‐gating is combined with a STED beam operating in continuous wave (CW), a cheap and low labour demand implementation is obtained, the so called gated CW‐STED microscope. However, time‐gating also reduces the fluorescence signal which forms the image. Thereby, background sources such as fluorescence emission excited by the STED laser (anti‐Stokes fluorescence) can reduce the effective resolution of the system. We propose a straightforward method for subtraction of anti‐Stokes background. The method hinges on the uncorrelated nature of the anti‐Stokes emission background with respect to the wanted fluorescence signal. The specific importance of the method towards the combination of two‐photon‐excitation with gated CW‐STED microscopy is demonstrated. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

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“…This technique has the advantage of observing highly excited states by using relatively low frequencies. The concept of another application, the multiphoton excitation microscopy, is based on the multiphoton excitation of the fluorescent dyes molecules [3][4][5]. This technique allows imaging biochemical objects with high spatial resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiphoton transitions in Josephson-junction qubits (Review Article)

Shevchenko¹,

Omelyanchouk²,

Il’ichev³

2012

Low Temperature Physics

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Two basic physical models, a two-level system and a harmonic oscillator, are realized on the mesoscopic scale as coupled qubit and resonator. The realistic system includes moreover the electronics for controlling the distance between the qubit energy levels and their populations and to read out the resonator's state, as well as the unavoidable dissipative environment. Such rich system is interesting both for the study of fundamental quantum phenomena on the mesoscopic scale and as a promising system for future electronic devices.We present recent results for the driven superconducting qubit -resonator system, where the resonator can be realized as an LC circuit or a nanomechanical resonator. Most of the results can be described by the semiclassical theory, where a qubit is treated as a quantum two-level system coupled to the classical driving field and the classical resonator. Application of this theory allows to describe many phenomena for the single and two coupled superconducting qubits, among which are the following: the equilibrium-state and weak-driving spectroscopy, Sisyphus damping and amplification, Landau-Zener-Stückelberg interferometry, the multiphoton transitions of both direct and ladder-type character, and creation of the inverse population for lasing. Contents

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Multi-photon excitation microscopy

Cited by 150 publications

References 56 publications

A molecular theory for two-photon and three-photon fluorescence polarization

A molecular theory for two-photon and three-photon fluorescence polarization

A new filtering technique for removing anti‐Stokes emission background in gated CW‐STED microscopy

Multiphoton transitions in Josephson-junction qubits (Review Article)

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