“…The sample pre-treatment techniques include liquid-liquid extraction, liquid-solid extraction, shaking extraction, soxhlet extraction, supercritical uid extraction, pressurized solvent extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, gel permeation chromatography, solid phase extraction, solid phase microextraction, molecularly imprinted polymers, matrix solid-phase dispersion, QuEChERS, cloud-point extraction, liquid phase microextraction, etc [18][19][20][21][22] . Automated solid-phase extraction system achieves arti cial intelligence in the sample pre-treatment techniques.…”