Multi-parametric optimization of the catalytic pyrolysis of pig hair into bio-oil

Abstract

The low yield and poor fuel properties of bio-oil have made the pyrolysis production process uneconomic and also limited bio-oil usage. Proper manipulation of key pyrolysis variables is paramount in order to produce high-quality bio-oil that requires less upgrading. In this research, the pyrolysis of pig hair was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor using a calcium oxide catalyst derived from calcination of turtle shells. In the pyrolysis process, the influence of three variables—temperature, heating rate and catalyst weight—on two responses—bio-oil yield and its higher heating value (HHV)—were investigated using Response Surface Methodology. A second-order regression-model equation was obtained for each response. The optimum yield of the bio-oil and its HHV were obtained as 51.03% and 21.87 mJ/kg, respectively, at 545oC, 45.17oC/min and 2.504 g of pyrolysis temperature, heating rate and catalyst weight, respectively. The high R2 values of 0.9859 and 0.9527, respectively, obtained for the bio-oil yield and its HHV models using analysis of variance revealed that the models can adequately predict the bio-oil yield and its HHV from the pyrolysis process.

Production and thermo-structural analysis of a hybridized natural fibre-based ceiling board for building applications

“…The Central Composite Design was used to optimize the process of production. 23,24 The factors considered were press time, press temperature, press pressure, PKF composition, cane wood composition and binder composition, while the responses are thickness swell, water absorption rate and thermal resistivity. The variables were varied at five different levels (2a, 21, 0, 1, + a) with the CCD, yielding a total of 26 different experimental samples.…”

“…The density and relative density of the produced ceiling board sample were obtained by applying the obtained data to Equation 2, and the value of density is reported as 0.7689 gcm 23 as shown in Table 12. This value is higher than the value of 0.611 gcm 23 reported by Onyekunle et al 27 The S.H.C of the produced ceiling board was determined using the experimental method reported by Onyekunle et al 27 , with equation (11).…”

“…The density and relative density of the produced ceiling board sample were obtained by applying the obtained data to Equation 2, and the value of density is reported as 0.7689 gcm 23 as shown in Table 12. This value is higher than the value of 0.611 gcm 23 reported by Onyekunle et al 27 The S.H.C of the produced ceiling board was determined using the experimental method reported by Onyekunle et al 27 , with equation (11). The following data; an initial temperature of water, T 1 = 30°C, temperature of boiling water, T 2 = 100°C, and the final temperature of the mixture, T 3 = 43°C was from the produced ceiling board is in close range with the value of S.H.C of asbestos (848.3107 Jkg 21 K 21 ) reported by Onyekunle et al 27 , and also, in close range to the value of agro-waste based ceiling board (909.1 kg 21 K 21 ) reported by Ezenwa et al 3 This result shows that the developed sample is a suitable substitute for asbestos.…”

Process Optimization for Enhancing Yield and Quality of Bio-Oil from the Pyrolysis of Cow Hooves

“…Pyrolysis, the most used thermochemical conversion process is the thermal decomposition of biomass in an oxygendeficient condition to produce biochar, bio-oil and gas [16][17][18]. Though bio-oil is the most desired product in the pyrolysis of biomass [6,19], its use is highly limited because of its high oxygen and water contents [20,21].…”