Multi-parameter continuous observations to detect ground deformation and to study environmental variability impacts

Zerbini, Susanna; Negusini, M.; Romagnoli, Claudia; Domenichini, F.; Richter, Bernd; Simon, D.

doi:10.1016/s0921-8181(02)00105-4

Cited by 21 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Two structural environments occur within the basin: the north-verging Apennine fold-and-thrust belt system that is buried under the Plio-Quaternary cover and a platform gently dipping from the Alps into the basin (Carminati and Martinelli, 2002). Sedimentation has filled the basin with alternate stratigraphic sequences of sands, silts and clays variably interbedded and normally consolidated and con- taining water in the form of impregnating water and groundwater (Zerbini et al, 2000(Zerbini et al, , 2002. These conditions are most favorable for the development of both natural and anthropogenic subsidence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrological signals in height and gravity in northeastern Italy inferred from principal components analysis

Zerbini¹,

Raicich²,

Richter³

et al. 2010

Journal of Geodynamics

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tectonics and the mass transport in the Earth's system which induces deformation of the 43 Earth's crust in response to variations of the load due to hydrology, air pressure and non-44 tidal oceanic effects. Continuous GPS time series exceeding a decade are now available 45 which can provide reliable information on the long-term height evolution (linear and non-46 linear) as well as on the short-period seasonal fluctuations. However, it is complicated to 47 unravel the contribution of the different components in the observed long-term height 48 behavior because, at global scale, the Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) is the only 49 coherent geological contribution to height variation for which understanding of the 50 physical process has been achieved. Superconducting gravimeter and/or absolute gravity 51Page 3 of 60 A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 3 measurements are not as widely spread as those of GPS, but where both types of 52 measurements are available, they offer a unique means to detect and understand mass 53 contributions. 54It was shown that hydrological mass variations play a major role in the seasonal 55 height and gravity variability (van Dam et al., 2001; Zerbini et al., 2007). On long time 56 scales, climate-related variations of GPS heights and gravity have not yet been clearly 57 identified mainly because of the limited temporal extent of most of the continuous series 58 and for the lack of information on the spatial and temporal variability of groundwater 59 storage. 60We have studied the variations observed during the last decade in the GPS heights, 61 gravity and the hydrological time series in northeastern Italy (Fig. 1), as well as their 62 mutual relationships. The investigated area is affected by both natural and human-63 induced subsidence. The Po Plain is a subsiding sedimentary basin encompassed by the 64 Alps, Apennines and Dinarides Chains. Two structural environments occur within the 65 basin: the north-verging Apennine fold-and-thrust belt system that is buried under the 66 Plio-Quaternary cover and a platform gently dipping from the Alps into the basin 67 (Carminati and Martinelli, 2002). Sedimentation has filled the basin with alternate 68 stratigraphic sequences of sands, silts and clays variably interbedded and normally 69 consolidated and containing water in the form of impregnating water and groundwater 70 (Zerbini et al., 2000; 2002). These conditions are most favorable for the development of 71 both natural and anthropogenic subsidence. Long-term natural subsidence rates range 72 between 1-to-2 mm/yr (Pignone et al., 2008), with maximum rates of 2.5 mm/yr 73 evaluated from the analysis of borehole stratigraphies and from available seismic sections 74Page 4 of 60 A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 4 (Carminati et al., 2003) with the largest rates occurring in the southern part of the Po 75Plain and in the Po Delta. As discussed by Carminati and Di Donato (1999), 76 backstripping analysis suggests that tectonics accounts for about 50% of the long-term 77 natural subsiden...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrological signals in height and gravity in northeastern Italy inferred from principal components analysis

Zerbini¹,

Raicich²,

Richter³

et al. 2010

Journal of Geodynamics

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“…This also applies when continuously monitoring the time-variable gravity field with superconducting gravimeters and the geodetic positions with GPS, VLBI or SLR at fixed observatories (CROSSLEY et al, 1999;ZERBINI et al, 2001ZERBINI et al, , 2002IHDE et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of the Gravity-to-Height Ratio Due to Surface Loads

Linage

Hinderer

Boy

2009

Pure appl. geophys.

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We study the ratio between the gravity variation and vertical displacement on the surface of a self-gravitating earth model when a surface load is applied. We adopt a theoretical and numerical point of view, excluding any observations. First, we investigate the spectral behavior of the ratio of the harmonic components of the gravity variation and vertical displacement. Then, we model the gravity-to-height ratio for different surface loads (continental hydrology, atmospheric pressure, ocean tides) using outputs of global numerical models in order to relate the predicted spatial values to theoretical mean values deduced from the spectral domain. For locations inside loaded areas, the ratio is highly variable because of the Newtonian attraction of the local masses and depends on the size of the load. For the hydrological loading (soil moisture and snow), the mean ratio over the continents is -0.87 lGal mm -1 , but increases with decreasing size of the river basins. For the atmospheric loading, assuming an inverted-barometer response of the ocean, the ratio is positive, with larger values for high latitudes (0.49 lGal mm -1 )-particularly on the coasts-than for lower latitudes (0.30 lGal mm -1 ). The ratio, however, is much less variable outside the loaded areas: in desert areas such as the Sahara and Arabia, its mean value is -0.28 lGal mm -1 . For the ocean tidal loading, we find a mean ratio of -0.26 lGal mm -1 over the continents for the diurnal tidal waves. Both results are close to the theoretical mean value of -0.26 lGal mm -1 combining elastic and remote attraction contributions.

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“…Episodic absolute gravity (AG) measurements are another means to exhibit annual signals of several microGal (1 Gal = 10 −8 m s −2 ), since absolute gravimeters are drift-free instruments with appropriate accuracy (see Crossley et al, 2001). In fact, the combination of both types of measurements (and of precise positioning like GPS) is of major interest in any geophysical interpretation as shown for the Medicina (Italy) station by Zerbini et al (2001Zerbini et al ( , 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term and seasonal gravity changes at the Strasbourg station and their relation to crustal deformation and hydrology

Amalvict

Hinderer

Mäkinen

et al. 2004

Journal of Geodynamics

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Multi-parameter continuous observations to detect ground deformation and to study environmental variability impacts

Cited by 21 publications

References 18 publications

Hydrological signals in height and gravity in northeastern Italy inferred from principal components analysis

Hydrological signals in height and gravity in northeastern Italy inferred from principal components analysis

Variability of the Gravity-to-Height Ratio Due to Surface Loads

Long-term and seasonal gravity changes at the Strasbourg station and their relation to crustal deformation and hydrology

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