Multi-Omics and Integrative Approach towards Understanding Salinity Tolerance in Rice: A Review

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants are simultaneously encountered by environmental stressors, most importantly salinity stress. Salinity is the major hurdle that can negatively impact growth and crop yield. Understanding the salt stress and its associated complex trait mechanisms for enhancing salt tolerance in rice plants would ensure future food security. The main aim of this review is to provide insights and impacts of molecular-physiological responses, biochemical alterations, and plant hormonal signal transduction pathways in rice under saline stress. Furthermore, the review highlights the emerging breakthrough in multi-omics and computational biology in identifying the saline stress-responsive candidate genes and transcription factors (TFs). In addition, the review also summarizes the biotechnological tools, genetic engineering, breeding, and agricultural practicing factors that can be implemented to realize the bottlenecks and opportunities to enhance salt tolerance and develop salinity tolerant rice varieties. Future studies pinpointed the augmentation of powerful tools to dissect the salinity stress-related novel players, reveal in-depth mechanisms and ways to incorporate the available literature, and recent advancements to throw more light on salinity responsive transduction pathways in plants. Particularly, this review unravels the whole picture of salinity stress tolerance in rice by expanding knowledge that focuses on molecular aspects.

Molecular Insights into Abiotic Stresses in Mango

“…Plant responses to various abiotic stress are highly interconnected and complex due to the association of clusters of candidate genes and TFs. TFs are the pivotal players which can interact with many transcriptional regulators and are involved in plant stress dynamisms and cascading diverse signal transduction pathways [ 51 , 52 ]. They are also involved in transcriptional reprogramming, altering biomolecules, differentiation, and developmental processes in plants [ 53 ].…”

“…Of these, MYB, NAC, WRKY, HSF, DREB, and AP2-EREBP are the notable TFs families. The family members of these TFs stimulate physiological and cellular processes, including callus formation, differentiation, protein storage in seeds, secondary metabolites biosynthesis, directing the plant cell metabolisms, plant development, and enhancing tolerance mechanisms against abiotic and biotic stresses [ 52 ].…”

A first draft genome of holm oak (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota), the most representative species of the Mediterranean forest and the Spanish agrosylvopastoral ecosystem “dehesa”

“…These programs will contribute to the proper and sustainable management, conservation, and exploitation of Q. ilex and related ecosystems ( Plomión et al, 2016 ). A better understanding of this species at the biochemistry, molecular biology, and biotechnology levels will facilitate these breeding programs, as it has been the case with many herbaceous and other woody species ( Muthuramalingam et al, 2022 ). As with many long-lived, non-domesticated, and allogamous species, the most plausible breeding strategy for Q. ilex is the use of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify elite genotypes associated with phenotypes of interest (e.g., high acorn productivity, high content in phenolic compounds, and resilience to adverse biotic and abiotic stresses; Maldonado-Alconada et al, 2022 ).…”

Insights from a Multi-Omics Integration (MOI) Study in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Response to Abiotic Stresses: Part Two—Drought

“…Jha et al [ 14 ], Zargar et al [ 15 ], Muthuramalingam et al [ 16 ], and Bittencourt et al [ 17 ] are a few examples of recent reports dealing with the use of MOI approaches toward understanding plant responses to these abiotic stresses. The current study is a step forward in our research activities on characterizing the biochemical and molecular response of oil palm to abiotic stress.…”