Multi-Omics Analysis to Understand the Effects of Dietary Proanthocyanidins on Antioxidant Capacity, Muscle Nutrients, Lipid Metabolism, and Intestinal Microbiota in Cyprinus carpio

Abstract

Proanthocyanidins (Pros), a natural polyphenolic compound found in grape seed and other plants, have received significant attention as additives in animal feed. However, the specific mechanism by which Pros affect fish health remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of dietary Pro on common carp by evaluating biochemical parameters and multi-omics analysis. The results showed that Pro supplementation improved antioxidant capacity and the contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 and n-6) and several bioactive compounds. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that dietary Pro caused an upregulation of the sphingolipid catabolic process and the lysosome pathway, while simultaneously downregulating intestinal cholesterol absorption and the PPAR signaling pathway in the intestines. Compared to the normal control (NC) group, the Pro group exhibited higher diversity in intestinal microbiota and an increased relative abundance of Cetobacterium and Pirellula. Furthermore, the Pro group had a lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and a decreased relative abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria. Collectively, dietary Pro improved antioxidant ability, muscle nutrients, and the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota. The regulation of lipid metabolism and improvement in muscle nutrients were linked with changes in the intestinal microbiota.

Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Endogenous Probiotics Bacillus subtilis on Growth Performance, Immune Response and Intestinal Histomorphology of Juvenile Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

“…The activities of three digestive enzymes in intestinal tissues were determined using three commercial assay kits including trypsin, α-amylase, and lipase (Grace Biotechnology, Suzhou, China). Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lysozyme (LZM), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activities in liver, spleen and intestine were determined using commercial assay kits (Grace Biotechnology, Suzhou, China) [25,26]. Calculation of enzyme activity was performed according to the kit instructions.…”

Concise synthesis of deuterium-labelled proanthocyanidin metabolite 5-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone as an analytical tool

“…19 Understanding the bioavailability of DHPV after PACs oral intake is of paramount importance for harnessing their health benefits and designing functional food products. 20–24 In this regard, quantitative bioanalytical methods based on stable isotopically labelled (SIL) analogs represent a valuable tool to pursue these goals. In particular, the use of isotopic labelled internal standard in mass spectrometry allows to have the best results in terms of precision and accuracy when quantifying the unknown amount of molecule of interest in a biological matrix.…”