Forage crops are important as animal feed and have other benefits, such as cover crops, preventing erosion, and producing nitrogen in the soil, which can improve soil nutrients (Hasan et al. 2019;McGourty et al. 2005).Hence, forage crops can be regarded as a fundamental component of sustainable agriculture (Allen et al. 2011).Plant breeding is one of the earliest sustainable agricultural technologies to increase production, quality, and resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses (Al-Yassin et al. 2010;Dormatey et al. 2020). The development of science in plant breeding has recently grown massively. The current method to improve plant genetic modification has resulted in tremendous success, especially for food crops. The chemical and physical procedures to enhance plant genetics are commonly employed in forage restoration. Species like Indigofera0