Multi-offset Seismic Acquisition Using Optical Fiber Behind Tubing

Distributed Acoustic Sensing is a novel technology for seismic data acquisition, particularly suitable for Vertical Seismic Profiling. It is a break‐through for low‐cost, on‐demand, seismic monitoring of reservoirs, both onshore and offshore. In this article we explain how Distributed Acoustic Sensing works and demonstrate its usability for typical Vertical Seismic Profiling applications such as checkshots, imaging, and time‐lapse monitoring. We show numerous data examples, and discuss Distributed Acoustic Sensing as an enabler of seismic monitoring with 3D Vertical Seismic Profiling.

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“…Results with an IU developed by Schlumberger are shown in Barberan et al . (). A Halliburton IU development was presented by Barfoot ().…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Distributed acoustic sensing for reservoir monitoring with vertical seismic profiling

Mateeva

López

Potters

et al. 2014

Geophysical Prospecting

377

143

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“…) and Rousse (Barberan et al . ). Along with publications from Frignet and Hartog (), Hartog et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Vertical seismic profiling using a daisy‐chained deployment of fibre‐optic cables in four wells simultaneously – Case study at the Ketzin carbon dioxide storage site

Götz

Henninges

Reinsch

2018

Geophysical Prospecting

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The geological storage of carbon dioxide is considered as one of the measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to mitigate global warming. Operators of storage sites are required to demonstrate safe containment and stable behaviour of the storage complex that is achieved by geophysical and geochemical monitoring, combined with reservoir simulations. For site characterization, as well as for imaging the carbon dioxide plume in the reservoir complex and detecting potential leakage, surface and surface‐borehole time‐lapse seismic monitoring surveys are the most widespread and established tools. At the Ketzin pilot site for carbon dioxide storage, permanently installed fibre‐optic cables, initially deployed for distributed temperature sensing, were used as seismic receiver arrays, demonstrating their ability to provide high‐resolution images of the storage formation. A vertical seismic profiling experiment was acquired using 23 source point locations and the daisy‐chained deployment of a fibre‐optic cable in four wells as a receiver array. The data were used to generate a 3D vertical seismic profiling cube, complementing the large‐scale 3D surface seismic measurements by a high resolution image of the reservoir close to the injection well. Stacking long vibro‐sweeps at each source location resulted in vertical seismic profiling shot gathers characterized by a signal‐to‐noise ratio similar to gathers acquired using geophones. A detailed data analysis shows strong dependency of data quality on borehole conditions with significantly better signal‐to‐noise ratio in regions with good coupling conditions.

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“…Figure summarizes the DAS‐VSP survey specifications of the abovementioned field experiments and others (Barberan et al . ; Humphries, Vidal and de Dios ; Wu et al . ) that had been published as of the end of 2017.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A field experiment of walkaway distributed acoustic sensing vertical seismic profile in a deep and deviated onshore well in Japan using a fibre optic cable deployed inside coiled tubing

Kobayashi

Uematsu

Mochiji

et al. 2019

Geophysical Prospecting

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A two‐dimensional walkaway vertical seismic profiling survey using distributed acoustic sensing was conducted at an onshore site in Japan. The maximum depth and the deviation of the observation well were more than 4,000 m and 81 degrees, respectively. Among the several methods for installing fibre optic cables, we adopted the inside coiled tubing method, in which coiled tubing containing a fibre optic cable is deployed. The signal‐to‐noise ratio of the raw shot gather was low, possibly due to poor coupling between the fibre optic cable and the subsurface formation resulting from the fibre optic cable deployment method and the existence of considerable tubewave noise. Nevertheless, direct P‐wave arrivals, P–P reflections and P–S converted waves exhibited acceptable signal‐to‐noise ratios after careful optimization of gauge length for distributed acoustic sensing optical processing and the application of carefully parameterized tubewave noise suppression. One of the challenges in current distributed acoustic sensing vertical seismic profile data processing is the separation of P‐ and S‐waves using only one‐component measurements. Hence, we applied moveout correction using two‐dimensional ray tracing. This process effectively highlights only reflected P‐waves, which are used in subsequent subsurface imaging. Comparison with synthetic well seismograms and two‐dimensional surface seismic data confirms that the final imaging result has a sufficiently high quality for subsurface monitoring. We acquired distributed acoustic sensing vertical seismic profile data under both flowing conditions and closed conditions, in which the well was shut off and no fluid flow was allowed. The two imaging results are comparable and suggest the possibility of subsurface imaging and time‐lapse monitoring using data acquired under flowing conditions. The results of this study suggest that, by adopting the inside coiled tubing method without drilling a new observation well, more affordable distributed acoustic sensing vertical seismic profile monitoring can be achieved in fields such as CO2 capture and storage and unconventional shale projects, where monitoring costs have to be minimized.

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Multi-offset Seismic Acquisition Using Optical Fiber Behind Tubing

Cited by 34 publications

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Distributed acoustic sensing for reservoir monitoring with vertical seismic profiling

Distributed acoustic sensing for reservoir monitoring with vertical seismic profiling

Vertical seismic profiling using a daisy‐chained deployment of fibre‐optic cables in four wells simultaneously – Case study at the Ketzin carbon dioxide storage site

A field experiment of walkaway distributed acoustic sensing vertical seismic profile in a deep and deviated onshore well in Japan using a fibre optic cable deployed inside coiled tubing

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