Multi-Objective Optimization of Process Parameters of 45 Steel Laser Cladding Ni60PTA Alloy Powder

Abstract

When laser cladding is used to repair parts, the interaction of parameters has a significant influence on equipment performance. In order to explore the process parameters and quality of Ni60PTA coating, the statistical relationship between the process parameters (laser power, scanning speed, and powder feeding rate) and the responses (dilution ratio, ratio of layer width to height, and contact angle) was established by experiments using the response surface method (RSM) and variance analysis. The results show that the laser power is the dominant factor affecting the dilution ratio. However, the scanning speed has the greatest influence on the ratio of layer width to height and contact angle. These experimental results show that the proposed model can predict the actual data. In addition, the microstructure and microhardness of the samples prepared with the optimum process parameters were characterized. The results show that the quality of the cladding layer is good without cracks, deformation, and pores. The microstructure of the cladding zone is mainly composed of γ (Ni), FeNi3, M (M = Fe, Ni, Cr)23C6, M7C3, and CrB. The average microhardness of the coating is about 620 HV0.2, which is about 3.1 times that of 45 steel substrate.

Comparative assessment of supervised machine learning algorithms for predicting geometric characteristics of laser cladded inconel 718

“…Due to the adoption of a single response, the cladding width, in determining the hyperparameters during the selection process, it may lead to poorer predictive performance when predicting the width and dilution rate. This is the reason why SVR and BP cannot fit the mapping relationship between height, dilution rate, and clad quality well [3][4][5][6].…”

“…The coupling of light, powder, and substrate properties leads to a complex mapping relationship between process parameters and cladding layer [3,4]. In order to optimize laser cladding, many scholars are exploring the influence of the different process parameters on the coating morphology and mechanical [5,6]. In the study by Liu et al 27 sets of experiments were selected using a full factorial design (FFD) to investigate the interplay between laser power(P), powder feed rate(F), and scanning speed(S) on the cross-sectional dimensions (i.e., width and height) of a cladded deposit consisting of ferrous self-melting alloy powder.…”

“…The research methodology adopted in each stage affects the final results. Currently, robust experimental designs for laser cladding often employ factorial experiments, Taguchi analysis methods, and response surface methodology [5][6][7].…”

Effect of WC Content on the Wear and Corrosion Properties of Oscillating Laser-Cladding-Produced Nickel-Based Coating

“…Secondly, as some WC particles dissolve in the matrix phase, they contribute to the solid solution strengthening of the matrix, thereby increasing the microhardness of the lasercladded layer. Finally, with an increase in WC content, the grain structure of the lasercladded layer becomes finer, resulting in increased grain-boundary strengthening and the improved microhardness of the laser-cladded layer [39].…”

Numerical research on Inconel718 laser additive repairing

“…In recent years, laser cladding technology has been highly concerned by scholars at home and abroad. They have carried out some research on this technology and achieved remarkable results [7][8][9] .The factors that affect the quality of laser cladding coating mainly include: laser power, scanning speed, powder feeding rate, spot diameter and so on [10][11][12] .At present, the optimal process parameters are mainly determined by single factor method and orthogonal experiment. The advantages of these methods are that the results are accurate and intuitive, but the disadvantages are that the molten pool * a jiaojunke@yzu.edu.cn; phone 15867463921; * b ruhl@nimte.ac.cn; phone 15888514848 temperature, coating stress and microstructure transformation process cannot be obtained, and the test cost is high and the test cycle is long [13][14] .The continuous development of computer simulation technology provides a reliable numerical simulation approach for the study of complex physical and chemical phenomena in the process of laser cladding.…”