Multi-objective optimization of coating properties and cladding efficiency in 316L/WC composite laser cladding based on grey relational analysis

Lian, Guofu; Xiao, Shihong; Zhang, Yang; Jiang, Jibin; Zhan, Yongzhong

doi:10.1007/s00170-020-06486-1

Cited by 41 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…These optimal parameters were determined to be 10 mm/s of scanning speed, 1.3 kW of laser power and 40 g/m of powder feed rate. This observation aligns with findings reported by Guofu Lian et al in their research (18) .…”

Section: Influence Of Control Variables On Micro Hardnesssupporting

confidence: 94%

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Surface modification of AZ61 Magnesium Alloy with Stelcar Alloy Powder Using Laser Cladding Technique

Sathishkumar,

Asaithambi,

Srinivasan

2024

IJST

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Objective: To examine the tribological and mechanical characteristics of the AZ61 alloy reinforced with Stelcar alloy powder by surface modification through laser cladding. Methods: Surface modification was done by using a laser cladding machine, where the input parameters including Scanning Speed (SS), Laser Power (LP) and Powder Feed Rate (PFR) were adjusted. Experimental design followed a L9 Taguchi approach, and optimization of input parameters for the surface modified AZ61 alloy reinforced with Stelcar alloy particles was achieved using Grey Relational Analysis (GRA). Output responses, namely wear volume and micro hardness were measured to assess the effectiveness of the optimization process. Findings: From the results obtained through the experiments, powder feed rate contributes to 82.81% of the variability in wear volume, whereas the laser power mostly impacts micro hardness; influencing it by 89.46% confirmed with ANOVA. In order to determine the optimal processing parameters among various objectives, this research applies the grey relational method. The results showed that the wear volume and micro hardness of the composite were significantly affected by the Stelcar reinforcement. Employing Grey relational analysis combined with several optimization objectives into a transparent method, resulting in a clad material with the lower wear volume and higher micro hardness. The optimized processing parameters predicted grey relational grades with an error rate of 1.39% and a significant contribution of 63.60% from laser power. This study confirmed that multi-objective optimization could enhance laser-cladded surface mechanical characteristics and laid out the theoretical foundation for this approach. Novelty: This study introduces an innovative approach to surface modification by employing the laser cladding technique to reinforce Stelcar alloy particles, thereby creating a dense coating on the substrate. Keywords: Laser Cladding, AZ61 magnesium alloy, Stelcar alloy, Coating, Optimization

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Section: Influence Of Control Variables On Micro Hardnesssupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Consequently, this enhances the hardness of the cladded structure, leading to reduced wear loss. These observations align with the findings reported by Guofu Lian et al (18) .…”

Section: Influence Of Control Variables On Wear Volumesupporting

confidence: 93%

Surface modification of AZ61 Magnesium Alloy with Stelcar Alloy Powder Using Laser Cladding Technique

Sathishkumar,

Asaithambi,

Srinivasan

2024

IJST

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“…Since each response has different evaluation angles on the cladding layer-forming characteristics, it is necessary to carry out dimensionless processing. Firstly, the response results are normalization processed, which calculation method is as follows Equation (5) [31], and the calculation results are shown in Table 10. Secondly, the grey correlation coefficient (GRC) is calculated according to the normalized results, as shown in Equation ( 6) [13].…”

Section: The Grey Relational Analysis For Multi-objectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Objective Process Optimization of Laser Cladding Co-Based Alloy by Process Window and Grey Relational Analysis

Yue

Guo

et al. 2023

Coatings

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To determine the optimal process parameters for the preparation of a Co-based alloy cladding layer, the experimental research of laser cladding Co-based alloy was carried out based on the optimal process window and grey relational analysis methods with 42CrMo as the substrate. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to explore the influence laws of laser process parameters on the forming characteristics of the cladding layer within the optimal process window range. Furthermore, the optimal process parameter combination was obtained by grey relational analysis, and the experimental verification of the optimization results was conducted. It was found that the process parameter interval determined by the optimal process window was laser power 1300–2100 W, scanning speed 6–14 mm/s, and powder feeding rate 17.90–29.84 g/min. The influence order of each process parameter was: laser power > scanning speed > powder feeding rate. The optimal process parameters of laser power 2100 W, scanning speed 6 mm/s, and powder feeding rate 17.90 g/min were obtained. The experimental verification results of optimal process parameters proved that the grey correlation grade of the optimized parameters was improved by 0.260 compared with the initial parameters and agreed well with the prediction value with an accuracy of 96%. After optimization, the cross-sectional area, the ratio of the width to height, cladding efficiency, and powder utilization rate of the cladding track increased by 4.065 mm2, 1.031, 19.032, and 70.3%, respectively, and the fluctuation ratio decreased by 60.9%. The optimal cladding track was well bonded to the substrate without cracks, holes, and evident element segregation, and included the phases of Cr3C7, CoCx, fcc-Co, and WC.

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“…The influence of CeO 2 powers was investigated [ 37 ]. [ [38] , [39] , [40] ] experimentally found that micro-hardness and wear resistance of samples influenced by the material used for cladding and recommended the optimization to maximize the microhardness and minimize the wear in the cladded joints [ 41 ]. utilized Taguchi orthogonal experimental design for optimizing the laser cladding processing parameters [ 42 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing laser cladding powder injection parameters to shape bioactive glass nano-coated zirconium oxide for biomedical application

Giri,

Saravanan

2024

Heliyon

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Multi-objective optimization of coating properties and cladding efficiency in 316L/WC composite laser cladding based on grey relational analysis

Cited by 41 publications

References 41 publications

Surface modification of AZ61 Magnesium Alloy with Stelcar Alloy Powder Using Laser Cladding Technique

Surface modification of AZ61 Magnesium Alloy with Stelcar Alloy Powder Using Laser Cladding Technique

Multi-Objective Process Optimization of Laser Cladding Co-Based Alloy by Process Window and Grey Relational Analysis

Optimizing laser cladding powder injection parameters to shape bioactive glass nano-coated zirconium oxide for biomedical application

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