Multi-mode supermolecular polymerization driven by host–guest interactions

Abstract

A novel supermolecular self-assembly based on ternary host-guest interaction between cucurbit[8]uril (CB transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. Meanwhile, the supramolecular polymerization could promote the conversion of the azobenzene from cis to trans, which ultimately results in no isomerism upon UV irradiation.

Facile Construction of a Supramolecular Organic Framework Using Naphthyl Viologen Guests and CB[8] Host via Charge-Transfer Complexation

“…The formation of these larger aggregates could be attributed to the formation of 2D assemblies as reported in our previous study. 14 The degree of polymerization is in the order, ETV – 3 (CB[8]–Np–Vio–Np) > Np–Vio–Np–2CB[8] > Vio–Np–Vio-2CB[8]. Herein, the degree of polymerization is more favored for the ETV – 3 (CB[8]–Np–Vio–Np) combination guided by intermolecular CT complexation, and this result is very much related to the results obtained in UV–vis studies.…”

“…9−11 Reversible and very directional secondary interactions 12,13 such as hydrogen bonding, ion–dipole interactions, and charge–transfer interactions are used as versatile building tools to construct supramolecular polymers with specific functions as they offer controllability, reversibility, and stimuli responsive behavior. 4,5,14,15 In particular, assembly of supramolecular polymers in aqueous solutions attracts wide attention as they mimic biological systems or find applications in the areas of optics, biology, or electronics. 14,16,17 Several host and guest molecules such as cucurbit[n]urils, calixarenes, crown ethers, cyclodextrins, and so forth and viologens, pyridinium, substituted ammonium salts, and so forth were used to construct supramolecular polymers based on ion–dipole, hydrophobic, or electrostatic interactions.…”

Macrocycles-assisted polymeric self-assemblies fabricated by host–guest complexation and their applications

“…Over the years, various neutral and charged organic molecular/ polymeric guests have been successfully synthesized, which exhibit high selectivity and good binding affinity towards macrocyclic hosts. [39][40][41][42][43] The binding affinity of the host-guest complexations can be fine-tuned by various stimuli-responsive factors, such as light, enzyme, redox, pH, temperature, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ions. Thus, based on the variety of stimuli-responses and the mode of reversibility of the host-guest interactions, MPs can be specifically designed and constructed towards intended applications.…”

Cucurbit[8]uril‐Based Polymers and Polymer Materials

“…Thus, although such guest‐guest interactions may exist, the interactions are often called “host–guest interactions” in general terms in the literature. In the following section, the driving forces of the polymerization of covalent monomers to fabricate linear or hyperbranched polymers will be roughly classified according to the original work into three types: a) HSCT interactions, b) host‐enhanced π–π interactions, and c) other host–guest interactions . There are virtually no pros and cons for different driving forces, as each designed monomer just applies to corresponding driving forces. a) HSCT Interactions …”