Multi-Material Metamaterial Topology Optimization to Minimize the Compliance and the Constraint of Weight: Application of Non-Pneumatic Tire Additive-Manufactured with PLA/TPU Polymers

Abstract

In non-pneumatic tires, metamaterial cells could replace the pneumatic part of the tire. In this research, to achieve a metamaterial cell suitable for a non-pneumatic tire with the objective function of increasing compressive strength and bending fatigue lifetime, an optimization was carried out for three types of geometries: a square plane, a rectangular plane, and the entire circumference of the tire, as well as three types of materials: polylactic acid (PLA), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), and void. The topology optimization was implemented by the MATLAB code in 2D mode. Finally, to check the quality of cell 3D printing and how the cells were connected, the optimal cell fabricated by the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method was evaluated using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The results showed that in the optimization of the square plane, the sample with the minimum remaining weight constraint equal to 40% was selected as the optimal case, while in the optimization of the rectangular plane and the entire circumference of tire, the sample with the minimum remaining weight constraint equal to 60% was selected as the optimal case. From checking the quality of 3D printing of multi-materials, it was concluded that the PLA and TPU materials were completely connected.

Impact of Corrosion in Simulated Body Fluid on Fatigue Characteristics of 3D-Printed Polylactic Acid-Coated AM60 Magnesium Alloys

“…This polymer is biocompatible. Its melting temperature is 180-230 • C, and its density is 1240 kg/m 3 [31,32]. The 3D printing parameters of these coatings are presented in Table 2.…”

Multi-objective numerical optimization of 3D-printed polylactic acid bio-metamaterial based on topology, filling pattern, and infill density via fatigue lifetime and mass

“…The compressive and tensile behaviors of PLA are usually considered to be the same, but some studies have focused specifically on the compressive behavior of PLA. These studies aim to better understand how PLA responds to compressive forces and how it can be used in applications where compression is a dominant mode of loading, such as in bone tissue engineering and orthopedics [ 50 , 51 ].…”

Topology optimization on metamaterial cells for replacement possibility in non-pneumatic tire and the capability of 3D-printing

“…Therefore, there is no change in the final optimization response. In other words, the stress is dependent on the geometry of the part and independent of the material properties [89].…”

“…Therefore, the desired geometry and material must be able to resistant these forces. In addition, in the other articles [89,90], the objective function was considered as a minimum compliance, compared to this work.…”