Multi-Material Freeform Fabrication of Active Systems

Malone, Evan; Lipson, Hod

doi:10.1115/esda2008-59313

Cited by 30 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…Conductive materials will be widely available in the future for 3D printing, making it possible to print conductive paths for electricity to flow inside of pneumatic components [9]. Although, this technology is still being researched, we simulate this result by embedding thin layers of conductive material into our printed models, such as copper tape.…”

Section: Sensing User Inputmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D Printing Pneumatic Device Controls with Variable Activation Force Capabilities

Vázquez

Brockmeyer

Desai

et al. 2015

Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

130

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A B C Figure 1. 3D printed pneumatic button (A), knob (B), and slider (C). We print these models with rigid and elastic materials, and in some cases add electronic components to the controls to sense user's input, such as potentiometers in the case of (B) and (C). Pressure sensing can be used to detect when users deform the elastic parts of the controls, like when they push the star. The graph behind this model shows the sensed pressure signal. We also use pressure to provide variable activation force capabilities. ABSTRACTWe explore 3D printing physical controls whose tactile response can be manipulated programmatically through pneumatic actuation. In particular, by manipulating the internal air pressure of various pneumatic elements, we can create mechanisms that require different levels of actuation force and can also change their shape. We introduce and discuss a series of example 3D printed pneumatic controls, which demonstrate the feasibility of our approach. This includes conventional controls, such as buttons, knobs and sliders, but also extends to domains such as toys and deformable interfaces. We describe the challenges that we faced and the methods that we used to overcome some of the limitations of current 3D printing technology. We conclude with example applications and thoughts on future avenues of research.

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Section: Sensing User Inputmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent 3D printing technologies promise a future where all sorts of geometries for pneumatic devices and their chambers can be printed at once, immediately ready for use [3,9]. Currently, however, these technologies are in their early stages and are not widely available.…”

Section: Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing Pneumatic Device Controls with Variable Activation Force Capabilities

Vázquez

Brockmeyer

Desai

et al. 2015

Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…"Rapid Prototyping for Robots" presents a good overview of previous work, with explanations of the various 3D printing processes and a database of moving joints made from rigid printable material [Ebert-Uphoff et al 2005]. Current trends in rapid prototyping include 3D printing conductive materials [Malone and Lipson 2008], tissue scaffolds [Hollister 2005], unusual materials [Lipton et al 2010], and embedded components [Periard et al 2007]. …”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensing through structure

Slyper

Poupyrev

Hodgins

2010

Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction

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We present an approach to designing input devices that focuses on the structure of materials. We explore and visualize how a material reacts under manipulation, and harness the material's properties to design new movement sensors. Two benefits spring out of this approach. One, simpler sensing emerges from making use of existing structure in the material. Two, by working with the natural structure of the material, we create input devices with readily recognizable affordances. We present six projects using this approach. We use the natural structure (coordination) of the human body to enable a mapping from five clothing-mounted accelerometers to high-quality motion capture data, creating a low-cost performance animation system. We design silicone input devices with embedded texture allowing single-camera tracking. We study squishable, conformable materials such as foam and silicone, and create a vocabulary of unit structures (shaped cuts in the material) for harnessing patterns of compression/tension to capture particular manipulations. We use this vocabulary to build soft sensing skeletons for stuffed animals, making foam cores with e-textile versions of our unit structures. We also use this vocabulary to design a tongue input device for a collaboration with Disney Imagineering. Finally, we rethink this vocabulary and apply it to capturing, using air pressure sensors, manipulations of hollow 3D-printed rubber shapes, and 3D-print several interactive robots incorporating the new vocabulary.

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“…Recent advances in automation are making both gradation and consolidation processes technologically and economically viable [17]. Within the design fields, property gradation of single materials with multiple functions carries the potential to revolutionize how products and buildings are designed and fabricated [6,17,19,20,21]. Ultimately, such advances will lead the way towards the design of multi-functional material systems with variable properties reducing the need for complex assembly of multiple parts with homogeneous properties and discrete functionality [17].…”

Section: Graded Materials Additive Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow-based fabrication: An integrated computational workflow for design and digital additive manufacturing of multifunctional heterogeneously structured objects

Duro-Royo

Mogas-Soldevila

Oxman

2015

Computer-Aided Design

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Structural hierarchy and material organization in design are traditionally achieved by combining discrete homogeneous parts into functional assemblies where the shape or surface is the determining factor in achieving function. In contrast, biological structures express higher levels of functionality on a finer scale through volumetric cellular constructs that are heterogeneous and complex. Despite recent advancements in additive manufacturing of functionally graded materials, the limitations associated with computational design and digital fabrication of heterogeneous materials and structures frame and limit further progress. Conventional computer-aided design tools typically contain geometric and topologic data of virtual constructs, but lack robust means to integrate material composition properties within virtual models. We present a seamless computational workflow for the design and direct digital fabrication of multi-material and multi-scale structured objects. The workflow encodes for and integrates domainspecific meta-data relating to local, regional and global feature resolution of heterogeneous material organizations. We focus on water-based materials and demonstrate our approach by additively manufacturing diverse constructs associating shape-informing variable flow rates and material properties to mesh-free geometric primitives. The proposed workflow enables virtual-to-physical control of constructs where structural, mechanical and optical gradients are achieved through a seamless design-to-fabrication tool with localized control. An enabling technology combining a robotic arm and a multi-syringe multi nozzle deposition system is presented. Proposed methodology is implemented and full-scale demonstrations are included.

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Multi-Material Freeform Fabrication of Active Systems

Cited by 30 publications

References 18 publications

3D Printing Pneumatic Device Controls with Variable Activation Force Capabilities

3D Printing Pneumatic Device Controls with Variable Activation Force Capabilities

Sensing through structure

Flow-based fabrication: An integrated computational workflow for design and digital additive manufacturing of multifunctional heterogeneously structured objects

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