Multi‐marker phylogeny of three evergreen oaks reveals vicariant patterns in the Western Mediterranean

Heredia, Unai López de; Jiménez, P.; Collada, Carmen; Simeone, Marco Cosimo; Bellarosa, R.; Schirone, Bartolomeo; Cervera, María Teresa; Gil, Luís

doi:10.2307/25065912

Cited by 39 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…1995), could have prevented gene exchange with central populations promoting a higher differentiation of this population from the main core of the species range in the Iberian Peninsula. Likewise, studies on organelle DNA show a different evolutionary history of this population (López de Heredia et al. 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating the role of genetic drift and natural selection in cork oak differentiation regarding drought tolerance

Ramírez‐Valiente¹,

Lorenzo²,

Soto³

et al. 2009

Molecular Ecology

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Drought is the main selection agent in Mediterranean ecosystems and it has been suggested as an important evolutionary force responsible for population diversification in these types of environments. However, population divergence in quantitative traits can be driven by either natural selection, genetic drift or both. To investigate the roles of these forces on among-population divergence in ecophysiological traits related to drought tolerance (carbon isotope discrimination, specific leaf area, leaf size and leaf nitrogen content), we compared molecular and quantitative genetic differentiation in a common garden experiment including thirteen cork oak (Quercus suber L.) populations across a gradient of rainfall and temperature. Population differentiation for height, specific leaf area, leaf size and nitrogen leaf content measured during a dry year far exceeded the molecular differentiation measured by six nuclear microsatellites. Populations from dry-cool sites showed the lowest nitrogen leaf content and the smallest and thickest leaves contrasting with those from humid-warm sites. These results suggest (i) these traits are subjected to divergence selection and (ii) the genetic differences among populations are partly due to climate adaptation. By contrast, the low among-population divergence found in basal diameter, annual growth and carbon isotopic discrimination (a surrogate for water use efficiency) suggests low or no divergence selection for these traits. Among-population differentiation for neutral markers was not a good predictor for differentiation regarding the quantitative traits studied here, except for leaf size. The correlation observed between the genetic differentiation for leaf size and that for molecular markers was exclusively due to the association between leaf size and the microsatellite QpZAG46, which suggests a possible linkage between QpZAG46 and genes encoding for leaf size.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating the role of genetic drift and natural selection in cork oak differentiation regarding drought tolerance

Ramírez‐Valiente¹,

Lorenzo²,

Soto³

et al. 2009

Molecular Ecology

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“…Within the section Cerris (subgenus Quercus), Q. suber and Q. ilex belong to different clades (groups Cerris and Ilex, respectively), which are thought to have diverged during the middle Tertiary (Manos et al, 2001). Despite their deep phylogenetic divergence, clearly supported by internal transcribed spacer, amplified fragment length polymorphisms and isozyme variation (Manos et al, 1999;Toumi and Lumaret, 2001;Bellarosa et al, 2005;Ló pez de Heredia et al, 2007b), hybridization has been inferred on the basis of morphological and molecular markers (Elena-Rosselló et al, 1992;Toumi and Lumaret, 1998;Lumaret et al, 2002;Oliveira et al, 2003;Bellarosa et al, 2005). Furthermore, extensive surveys of chloroplast DNA diversity of both species and of other relatives (such as Q. coccifera) across the whole distribution range have demonstrated widespread cytoplasmic introgression, mainly localized along a northeast-southwest line, from French Catalonia and eastern Iberia to Morocco (reviewed in Lumaret et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of hybrids in nature: application to oaks (Quercus suber and Q. ilex)

et al. 2009

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Powerful and accurate detection of first-generation (F1) hybrids and backcrosses in nature is needed to achieve a better understanding of the function and dynamics of introgression. To document the frequency of ongoing interspecific gene exchange between two Mediterranean evergreen oaks, the cork oak (Quercus suber) and the holm oak (Q. ilex), we analyzed 1487 individuals originating from across the range of the two species using eight microsatellite loci and two Bayesian clustering approaches (implemented in the programs STRUCTURE and NEWHY-BRIDS). Simulated data were used to assess the differences between the two clustering methods and to back up the choice of the threshold value for the posterior probability to discriminate admixed from pure individuals. We found that the use of STRUCTURE resulted in the highest power to detect hybrids, whereas NEWHYBRIDS provided the highest accuracy. Irrespective of the approach, the two species were clearly distinguished as independent genetic entities without any prior information. In contrast with previous reports, we found no evidence for unidirectional introgression. The overall hybridization rate was very low (o2% of introgressed individuals). Only two individuals were identified as F1 hybrids and five as early backcrosses. This work shows that the combined application of the two complementary Bayesian approaches and their systematic validation with simulations, fit for the case at hand, helps gain resolution in the identification of admixed individuals.

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“…The spatial distribution of cpDNA lineages in other sclerophyllous oaks of the Mediterranean reflects ancient migration patterns, since these species persisted in the area throughout the Pleistocene (e.g. Jimenez et al 2004;López de Heredia et al 2007). Large-scale chloroplast DNA sharing between Q. alnifolia and Q. coccifera is probably the imprint of rare hybridization events that sporadically happened during their long existence on Cyprus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interfertile oaks in an island environment. II. Limited hybridization between Quercus alnifolia Poech and Q. coccifera L. in a mixed stand

et al. 2011

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Hybridization and introgression betweenQuercus alnifolia Poech and Q. coccifera L. is studied by analyzing morphological traits, nuclear and chloroplast DNA markers. The study site is a mixed stand on Troodos Mountains (Cyprus), and the analyzed material includes both adult trees and progenies of specific mother trees. Multivariate analysis of morphological traits shows that the two species can be well distinguished using simple leaf morphometric parameters. A lower genetic diversity in Q. alnifolia than in Q. coccifera and a high interspecific differentiation between the two species are supported by an analysis of nuclear and chloroplast microsatellites. The intermediacy of the four designated hybrids is verified by both leaf morphometric and genetic data. Analysis of progeny arrays provides evidence that interspecific crossings are rare. This finding is further supported by limited introgression of chloroplast genomes. Reproductive barriers (e.g. asynchronous phenology, postzygotic incompatibilities) might account for this result. A directionality of interspecific gene flow is indicated by a genetic assignment analysis of effective pollen clouds with Q. alnifolia acting as pollen donor. Differences in flowering phenology and species distribution in the stand may have influenced the direction of gene flow and the genetic differentiation among effective pollen clouds of different mother trees within species.

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Multi‐marker phylogeny of three evergreen oaks reveals vicariant patterns in the Western Mediterranean

Cited by 39 publications

References 32 publications

Elucidating the role of genetic drift and natural selection in cork oak differentiation regarding drought tolerance

Elucidating the role of genetic drift and natural selection in cork oak differentiation regarding drought tolerance

Detection of hybrids in nature: application to oaks (Quercus suber and Q. ilex)

Interfertile oaks in an island environment. II. Limited hybridization between Quercus alnifolia Poech and Q. coccifera L. in a mixed stand

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