“…In Choi, Jeong, Lee, and Lee (2021) , an architecture is proposed, which relies on the a priori assumption of self-similar LR/HR image pairs and then exploits a set of Local Collaborative AEs (LOCA) for learning self-similar image patches. Along the same research line, in Chu, Wang, Liu, Gong, and Li (2022) , the Multi-Local Collaborative AE (MC-AE) is proposed for SISR. Similar to LOCA, also the MC-AE architecture is layer-wise trained, with higher-order AEs that are embedded into the lower-order ones.…”