“…The MLO establishes independent PHY and L-MAC instances to formulate an interface that accommodates diverse frequency bands, and it can be implemented by reusing PHY and L-MAC layer functions and maintaining identical upper layers as the legacy 802.11 architecture [ 9 ]. Unlike the legacy system, where all bands cannot be used if the primary frequency band is occupied, each band can be accessed independently, achieving low latency, high throughput, and high reliability [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. When using MLO, traffic needs to be distributed to different links by a traffic-to-link allocation policy, which is beyond the scope of this study.…”