Multi‐Length Scale Hierarchy in Natural Materials

Abstract

The principal objective or inspiration behind scientific studies is to explain logically what we observe around us in the nature and use this knowledge for developing newer technologies for an improved human life. The study of natural objects, materials and phenomenon has crucial effects in many technological developments. For example, from the study of the wings of birds, we learn a suitable structure of the airplane wings. Nature offers us challenging opportunities to develop newer materials and technologies, and we are still far behind in terms of the skills we have developed. Biomaterials, for example, show unique and multi-functional properties, not attained in artificial materials yet. They often exhibit complex structural designs on the basis of building blocks arranged in hierarchical manner at different length scales from micro-to nano-level. These structural levels are responsible for their unique properties and multi-dimensional functioning. For example, the superhydrophobic nature of lotus leaf originates from its multi-scale

Learning from nature: Bio-inspiration for damage-tolerant high-performance fibre-reinforced composites

“…Nalewey et al [18] have summarized the most important design elements that are responsible for the strong and tough nature of bio-composites. The organization of these elements on different length scales (nano-to meso-scale) results in hierarchical structures [2], [3], [7], [10], [11], [14]- [17], [19]- [57], which promote an enhanced balance of mechanical properties.…”

“…Shielding/crack deflection [1], [2], [9], [54], [56], [65]- [75] Crack bridging [1], [56], [63], [67], [72], [76]- [78] Stretching/Tearing [14], [57], [73] Pull-out/Interfacial hardening [1], [13], [15], [79] Micro-cracking [1], [9], [54], [80]- [82]…”