Multi-layer core–shell metal oxide/nitride/carbon and its high-rate electroreduction of nitrate to ammonia

Abstract

The electroreduction of nitrate to ammonia is both an alternative strategy of industrial Haber‒Bosch ammonia synthesis and a prospective idea for changing waste (nitrate pollution of groundwater in the world)...

Tandem catalysis in electrocatalytic nitrate reduction: Unlocking efficiency and mechanism

“…As discussed above, the transition metal-based tandem electrocatalysts typically consider the electronic structure, redox potential, reactivity towards specific reaction steps and stability. Other tandem catalytic systems have also demonstrated boosted electrochemical NO 3 RR performance with rational design of catalytic sites, such as copper-cobalt oxides, [104] copper-cobalt-based bimetallic hollow nanobox, [105] CoO-CuO x heterostructure, [106] hollow mesoporous carbon supported Co-modified Cu/ Cu 2 O, [107] Cu/Co bimetallic conductive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), [108] Cu─Ni metal-organic frameworks, [109] CuNi alloy, [110] bifunctional copper-cobalt spinel, [111] hetero-structured Co-doped-Cu 2 O/Cu, [112] Fe and Cu double-doped Co 3 O 4 , [113] modulated hydrogen adsorption on Fe─N interface, [114] Fe-and Mo-based atomically dispersed electrocatalyst, [115] Fe atoms doped TiO 2 , [116] multilayer core-shell oxide/nitride/C catalyst (MoO 2 /Fe 4 N/C), [117] and hierarchical Cu NWs with NiCo layered double hydroxide shell. [118] The variable oxidation states, diverse electronic structures and coordination geometries, high thermal stability and resistance to poisoning by reaction intermediates, the ability of forming ally or bimetallic structures enable transition metal-related tandem catalysts with high potential in electrochemical NO 3 RR.…”