Traditional coded communication schemes for block fading channels, with channel state information (CSI) available at the receiving end only are based on fixed rate single level coding. The maximal average achievable throughput is known as the outage capacity. However, a more general approach is known as the multi-layered coded communications, termed the broadcast approach. This strategy facilitates to adapt the reliably decoded rate to the actual channel state without having any feedback link to the transmitter. Several communication settings incorporating the broadcast strategy are discussed. Among these are broadcasting over multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) fading channels, broadcasting for minimization of expected delay, and broadcasting for minimization of expected distortion for transmission of a Gaussian source over a block fading channel. An outlook ofrelated open problems, where an analytic formulation of a broadcast approach is yet elusive or incomplete are shortly described, followed by a general perspective of layered communications in multi-terminal communication systems.Index Terms-Broadcast approach, multi-layer coding.general a non-degraded broadcast channel, for which the capacity region is not fully known [5, 6, 7, 8, 9] and cannot be reduced to an equivalent set of parallel degraded broadcast channels, as studied in [10, 3, 4]. We focus in this paper on several broadcast settings, among which are broadcasting over MIMO channels, where only sub-optimal solutions are available, broadcasting for minimization of expected delay, and broadcasting for minimization of expected distortion for transmission of a Gaussian source over a block fading channel. Some related open problems are also outlined. The reference list, which is by no means comprehensive, provides further examples of the usefulness of the broadcast approach.The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 describes the principles of the broadcast approach. Section 3 discusses a MIMO broadcast approach. Section 4 demonstrates gains ofusing an optimized broadcast approach for expected delay minimization. Section 5 considers the expected distortion as a figure of merit. Finally, Section 6 discusses other results and states several open problems.
OVERVIEW OF THE BROADCAST APPROACHConsider a single-input single-output (SISO) channel,