Multi-layer approach of polarization agile oscillating-type active integrated array antennas for RFtransmitter front-end

Abstract

This paper presents a polarization switchable self-oscillating active integrated array antenna (AIAA) using a multi-layer approach. The antenna comprises two antenna elements, four PIN diodes, and a Gunn oscillator employing a microstrip line resonator. Reconfiguring the feed network of the array antenna realizes slant polarization (± 45°) switching. The multi-layer structure allows the patch spacing to be adjusted, thereby helping to minimize the antenna's sidelobe level. The Gunn oscillator, which employs a λ/2 microstrip–line resonator, is placed at the bottom layer. The proposed AIAA has an effective isotopic radiated power (EIRP) of + 18.25 dBm at the oscillation frequency of 9.47 GHz. EIRP is improved by better than 8.45 dB compared to the single-layer structure. The proposed AIAA features a transmitted power of + 8.45 dBm, DC-to-RF efficiency of 1.0%, and a low phase noise of −101.8 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset frequency with better than 12-dB cross-polarization suppression.

A tri-state SPDT switch using shunt open-end stub resonator for X-band applications

“…In [7], with the aid of the coupled lines, which has control switches at the coupled and the isolation ports, tristate SPDT switch was proposed depending on the states of the switches. A SPDT switch circuit is more useful to design polarization [17,18,19,20,21,22,23] and pattern [24,25,26,27,28,29,30] agile antennas.…”

Three‐state pattern reconfigurable active antenna integrated with Gunn oscillator and switched‐line phase shifter

“…In recent years, the evolutions of advanced materials and design techniques have led to the development of active antennas with novel functionality, such as polarization reconfigurability [2,3], frequency [4,5], and pattern agility [6][7][8][9][10][11]. The inherent properties of a monopole antenna are reconfigured using PIN diodes to achieve switchable singleband and dual-band operations [5].…”