Multi-host disease management: the why and the how to include wildlife

Portier, Julien; Ryser-Degiorgis, Marie-Pierre; Hutchings, Michael R.; Monchâtre-Leroy, Élodie; Richomme, Céline; Larrat, Sylvain; Poel, Wim van der; Dominguez, Morgane; Lindén, Annick; Santos, Patrícia Tavares; Warns-Petit, Eva; Chollet, Jean-Yves; Cavalerie, Lisa; Grandmontagne, Claude; Boadella, Mariana; Bonbon, Etienne; Artois, Marc

doi:10.1186/s12917-019-2030-6

Cited by 23 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The inherent difficulties of wildlife health research in remote areas, in combination with the lack of reports on marsh deer health parameters in Argentinian populations, emphasize the importance of opportunistic sampling, as it allows to increase the number, distribution, and variety of samples that can be submitted to a surveillance system. We developed a participatory surveillance network [26] of marsh deer morbidity and mortality in Argentina that not only allowed us to collect essential information to understand future epidemiological scenarios, but also to train participants in early detection of wildlife disease [25,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A participatory surveillance of marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) morbidity and mortality in Argentina: first results

et al. 2020

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Background: In an era of unprecedented socio-ecological changes, managing wildlife health demands high-quality data collection and the engagement of local communities. Blastocerus dichotomus, the largest South American deer, is Vulnerable to extinction mainly due to habitat loss. Diseases have been recognised as a potential threat, and winter mortality has been historically described in marsh deer populations from Argentina. Field difficulties have, however, prevented in-depth studies of their health status. Results: Between May 2014 and April 2017, we investigated marsh deer morbidity and mortality in the two largest populations in Argentina. We collected data by means of a passive surveillance system that involved a network of researchers, field partners (veterinarians, park rangers, and local community), and decision makers. We sampled marsh deer during as well as outside mortality events. A total of 44 marsh deer with different body condition scores were evaluated. We obtained haematology and biochemistry values from animals with good body condition score. Marsh deer with poor body condition had a high burden of the ticks Amblyomma triste and Rhipicephalus microplus. Vectorborne agents such as Theileria cervi, Trypanosoma theileri, Trypanosoma evansi, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Anaplasma platys, Anaplasma odocoilei, Anaplasma marginale, and Candidatus Anaplasma boleense were also found. Haemonchus spp., Ostertagia spp., and Trichostrongylus spp. were the most frequent gastrointestinal parasites in deer with poor body condition. A Multiple Correspondence Analysis reinforced a possible association of winter period with lower body score condition, high tick loads, infection with E. chaffeensis, and presence of harmful gastrointestinal parasites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A participatory surveillance of marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) morbidity and mortality in Argentina: first results

et al. 2020

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“…All five data sources converged towards similar trends, complementing and overlapping each other, both geographically and in time. Improvement of wildlife disease surveillance has progressively delivered better information, demonstrating the relevance of wildlife health surveillance programmes to produce reliable information on wildlife disease epidemiology, which allows informed management decisions [105, 106].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal spread of sarcoptic mange in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Switzerland over more than 60 years: lessons learnt from comparative analysis of multiple surveillance tools

et al. 2019

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Background Sarcoptic mange is a contagious skin disease of wild and domestic mammals caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. Reports of sarcoptic mange in wildlife increased worldwide in the second half of the 20th century, especially since the 1990s. The aim of this study was to provide new insights into the epidemiology of mange by (i) documenting the emergence of sarcoptic mange in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in the last decades in Switzerland; and (ii) describing its spatiotemporal spread combining data obtained through different surveillance methods. Methods Retrospective analysis of archived material together with prospective data collection delivered a large dataset from the 19th century to 2018. Methods included: (i) a review of historical literature; (ii) screening of necropsy reports from general health surveillance (1958–2018); (iii) screening of data on mange (1968–1992) collected during the sylvatic rabies eradication campaign; (iv) a questionnaire survey (<1980–2017) and (v) evaluation of camera-trap bycatch data (2005–2018). Results Sarcoptic mange in red foxes was reported as early as 1835 in Switzerland. The first case diagnosed in the framework of the general health surveillance was in 1959. Prior to 1980, sarcoptic mange occurred in non-adjacent surveillance districts scattered all over the country. During the period of the rabies epidemic (1970s-early 1990s), the percentage of foxes tested for rabies with sarcoptic mange significantly decreased in subregions with rabies, whereas it remained high in the few rabies-free subregions. Sarcoptic mange re-emerged in the mid-1990s and continuously spread during the 2000–2010s, to finally extend to the whole country in 2017. The yearly prevalence of mange in foxes estimated by camera-trapping ranged from 0.1–12%. Conclusions Sarcoptic mange has likely been endemic in Switzerland as well as in other European countries at least since the mid-19th century. The rabies epidemics seem to have influenced the pattern of spread of mange in several locations, revealing an interesting example of disease interaction in free-ranging wildlife populations. The combination of multiple surveillance tools to study the long-term dynamics of sarcoptic mange in red foxes in Switzerland proved to be a successful strategy, which underlined the usefulness of questionnaire surveys.

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“…For example, the Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) variant of rabies was eradicated in eastern Ontario, Canada, following delivery of an oral rabies vaccine [15]. In contrast, some diseases are difficult to eradicate [16]. It is currently not possible to eliminate the devastating amphibian pathogen, chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis), due to environmental reservoirs and multiple host species sustaining the pathogen within the environment [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing the Extinction Risk of Populations Threatened by Infectious Diseases

et al. 2021

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Extinction risk is increasing for a range of species due to a variety of threats, including disease. Emerging infectious diseases can cause severe declines in wild animal populations, increasing population fragmentation and reducing gene flow. Small, isolated, host populations may lose adaptive potential and become more susceptible to extinction due to other threats. Management of the genetic consequences of disease-induced population decline is often necessary. Whilst disease threats need to be addressed, they can be difficult to mitigate. Actions implemented to conserve the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii), which has suffered decline to the deadly devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), exemplify how genetic management can be used to reduce extinction risk in populations threatened by disease. Supplementation is an emerging conservation technique that may benefit populations threatened by disease by enabling gene flow and conserving their adaptive potential through genetic restoration. Other candidate species may benefit from genetic management via supplementation but concerns regarding outbreeding depression may prevent widespread incorporation of this technique into wildlife disease management. However, existing knowledge can be used to identify populations that would benefit from supplementation where risk of outbreeding depression is low. For populations threatened by disease and, in situations where disease eradication is not an option, wildlife managers should consider genetic management to buffer the host species against inbreeding and loss of genetic diversity.

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Multi-host disease management: the why and the how to include wildlife

Cited by 23 publications

References 29 publications

A participatory surveillance of marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) morbidity and mortality in Argentina: first results

A participatory surveillance of marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) morbidity and mortality in Argentina: first results

Spatiotemporal spread of sarcoptic mange in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Switzerland over more than 60 years: lessons learnt from comparative analysis of multiple surveillance tools

Reducing the Extinction Risk of Populations Threatened by Infectious Diseases

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