Multi-hop Backscatter Tag-to-Tag Networks

Majid, Amjad Yousef; Jansen, M.G.; Delgado, Guillermo Ortas; Ytidtnm, Kasim Sinan; Pawetczak, Przemystaw

doi:10.1109/infocom.2019.8737551

Cited by 43 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Our work is similar to those looking to network batteryfree devices [30]- [32]. These works concentrate on backscatter based tag-to-tag communication, by contrast we network battery-free devices over a single hop to its host.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 93%

A Fast Carrier Scheduling Algorithm for Battery-free Sensor Tags in Commodity Wireless Networks

Pérez-Penichet

Piumwardane

Rohner

et al. 2020

IEEE INFOCOM 2020 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications

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New battery-free sensor tags that interoperate with unmodified standard IoT devices and protocols can extend a sensor network's capabilities in a scalable and cost-effective manner. The tags achieve battery-free operation through backscatterrelated techniques, while the standard IoT devices avoid additional dedicated infrastructure by providing the unmodulated carrier that tags need to communicate. However, this approach requires coordination between devices transmitting, receiving and generating carrier, adds extra latency and energy consumption to already constrained devices, and increases interference and contention in the shared spectrum. We present a scheduling mechanism that optimizes the use of carrier generators, minimizing any disruptions to the regular nodes. We employ time slots to coordinate the unmodulated carrier while minimizing latency, energy consumption and overhead radio emissions. We propose an efficient scheduling algorithm that parallelizes communications with battery-free tags when possible and shares carriers among multiple tags concurrently. In our evaluation we demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of our approach in testbed experiments. We find that we can significantly reduce the excess latency and energy consumption caused by the addition of sensor tags when compared to sequential interrogation. We show that the gains tend to improve with the network size and that our solution is close to optimal on average.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 93%

A Fast Carrier Scheduling Algorithm for Battery-free Sensor Tags in Commodity Wireless Networks

Pérez-Penichet

Piumwardane

Rohner

et al. 2020

IEEE INFOCOM 2020 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications

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“…Some of them rely on dedicated external energy sources such as WISP -and its variants-, a general wireless sensing and identification platform [34,41,42]; WISPcam, an RF-powered camera [27] and, the battery-free cellphone [35]. Others, harvest from ambient sources such as the ambient backscatter tag [21], and the solar-powered tag [25]. Platforms that facilitate the development of battery-less EH systems have also been proposed.…”

Section: Energy-harvesting Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Sensing on Intermittent Power

Majid

Schilder

Langendoen

2020

2020 19th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN)

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The main obstacles to achieve truly ubiquitous sensing are (i) the limitations of battery technology-batteries are short-lived, hazardous, bulky, and costly-and (ii) the unpredictability of ambient power. The latter causes sensors to operate intermittently, violating the availability requirements of many real-world applications. In this paper, we present the Coalesced Intermittent Sensor (CIS), an intermittently-powered "sensor" that senses continuously! Although a single node will frequently be off charging, a group of nodes can-in principle-sense 24/7 provided that their awake times are spread apart. As communication is too expensive, we rely on inherent component variations that induce small differences in power cycles. This basic assumption has been verified through measurements of different nodes and power sources. However, desynchronizing nodes is not enough. An important finding is that a CIS designed for certain (minimal) energy conditions will become synchronized when the available energy exceeds the design point. Nodes employing a sleep mode (to extend their availability) do wake up collectively at some event, process it, and return to charging as the remaining energy is typically too low to handle another event. This results in multiple responses (bad) and missing subsequent events (worse) due to the synchronized charging. To counter this undesired behavior we designed an algorithm to estimate the number of active neighbors and respond proportionally to an event. We show that when intermittent nodes randomize their responses to events, in favorable energy conditions, the CIS reduces the duplicated captured events by 50% and increases the percentage of capturing entire bursts above 85%. CCS CONCEPTS • Human-centered computing → Empirical studies in ubiquitous and mobile computing.

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“…For more energy-constrained applications, passive radios, with significantly lower power consumption than the active radios, can be utilized. In the very well-known method of passive radio communications called backscattering [61], the ICSs with passive radios, i.e. tags, use the same signal directed from a centralized carrier generator to reflect their data back by changing their antenna impedance.…”

Section: (B) Wireless Communication Under Intermittent Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-driven computing

Sliper

Cetinkaya

Weddell

et al. 2019

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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For decades, the design of untethered devices has been focused on delivering a fixed quality of service with minimum power consumption, to enable battery-powered devices with reasonably long deployment lifetime. However, to realize the promised tens of billions of connected devices in the Internet of Things, computers must operate autonomously and harvest ambient energy to avoid the cost and maintenance requirements imposed by mains- or battery-powered operation. But harvested power typically fluctuates, often unpredictably, and with large temporal and spatial variability. Energy-driven computers are designed to treat energy-availability as a first-class citizen, in order to gracefully adapt to the dynamics of energy harvesting. They may sleep through periods of no energy, endure periods of scarce energy, and capitalize on periods of ample energy. In this paper, we describe the promise and limitations of energy-driven computing, with an emphasis on intermittent operation. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Harmonizing energy-autonomous computing and intelligence’.

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Multi-hop Backscatter Tag-to-Tag Networks

Cited by 43 publications

References 19 publications

A Fast Carrier Scheduling Algorithm for Battery-free Sensor Tags in Commodity Wireless Networks

A Fast Carrier Scheduling Algorithm for Battery-free Sensor Tags in Commodity Wireless Networks

Continuous Sensing on Intermittent Power

Energy-driven computing

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